CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW

DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses

Identify the DNA parts:

A

B

C

D

Identify the DNA parts:

A PHOSPHATE

B Deoxyribose Sugar

C Nitrogenous Base

D Hydrogen Bond

What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?

• ANSWER:– sugar – Phosphate – Nitrogenous base (remember the song)

Name 3 ways RNA is different from DNA:

• 1. Uracil instead of Thymine.

• 2. Single stranded instead of Double.

• 3. Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose.

What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA)

• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G

• ANSWER:

• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)

• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G

• ANSWER:

• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

What are the 3 types of RNA?

• a) t-RNA (transfer RNA)

• b) m-RNA (messenger RNA), and

• c) r-RNA (ribosomal RNA)

Which bases are pyrimidines?

• HINT: cut the pie

• C – U - T

Which bases are purines?

• HINT: not cut

• G and A

Which bases are 2-rings?

• HINT: be pure for marriage and get 2 rings

• ANSWER: purines

• A and G

Which bases are one ring?

• HINT: pie is one circle

• C – U - T

Which scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material

• HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge

• HINT 3: bald

• ANSWER: Avery

Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material

• HINT 2: used bacteriophages

• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus

• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase

Which Scientist(s)

• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa

• HINT 2: worked as a team

• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme

• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum

Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure

• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51

• HINT 3: a woman

• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin

Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure

• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside

• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure

• ANSWER: Watson and Crick

Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure

• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51

• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize

• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins

Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: 1920’s

• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains

• HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation

• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith

Which Scientist(s)?

• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm

• HINT 2: a hottie

• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even

• ANSWER: Chargaff

What if a DNA sample had 20% adenine, how much guanine should

there be?

• ANSWER: if 20% A and 20% T

• then 30% C and 30% G

Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:

Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:

1 = DNA

2 = protein coat

3 = tail fiber

4 = tail4

Which enzyme?

• Unwinds DNA

• ANSWER: Topoisomerase

Which enzyme?

• Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)

• ANSWER: Helicase

Which enzyme?

• Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading

• ANSWER: DNA polymerase

Which enzyme?

• Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand

• ANSWER: Ligase

Which enzyme?

• Adds RNA nucleotide primers

• ANSWER: Primase

Which enzyme?

• Makes RNA’s

• ANSWER: RNA polymerase

What are the parts of the DNA replication fork?

Leading strand, lagging strand, and DNA polymerase

What are the parts of the DNA replication fork?

Leading strand

DNA polymerase

Okazaki fragments on lagging strand

What will the mRNA look like?

What will the mRNA look like?

1 2 3

HINT: exons discarded

Introns kept and coded

What amino acid is mRNA codon:AAA

What amino acid is mRNA codon:AAA

lysine

What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG

What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG

tryptophan

What codon is the START CODON?

What codon is the START CODON?

AUG

What are

• the three STOP CODONS?

• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA

• (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)

ESSAYDNA: TACTCCGATACC

• mRNA sequence?

• tRNA sequence?

• Amino acid sequence?

ESSAYDNA: TACTCCGATACC

• mRNA sequence?

• tRNA sequence?

• Amino acid sequence?

AUGAGGCUAUAG

UACUCCGAUAUC

Met Arg Leu STOP

What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?

What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?

AUG

What does a tRNA carry?

• A. codon

• B. triplet

• C. amino acid

• D. ribosome

ANSWER: tRNA (transfer)

• There is at least one tRNAfor each amino acid.

mRNA, ribosomes, and polypeptide chainsCOOL!

How many?

• Nucleotides in a typical gene?

• ANSWER: hundreds or thousands

How Fast?

• Does DNA replication usually take?

• ANSWER: About 50 nucleotides added per second

Which process?

• Codes DNA to mRNA?

• ANSWER? Transcription

• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?

• ANSWER: Translation

How many subunits make up a ribosome?

• A. one

• B. two

• C. Three

• D. Four

Ribosome: two subunits

What process?

• Transfers the tRNA from the A to

the P location on the ribosome?

• ANSWER: Translocation

What process?

• Is DNA making a copy of itself?

• ANSWER: Replication

What is the DNA strand if:

• tRNA has the sequence

GUUCGAAUC

• 1. GATTCGAAC

• 2. CAAGCTTAG

• 3. CTAAGCTTG

• 4. GAUUCGAAC

• 5. GTTCGAATC

What is the DNA strand if:

• tRNA has the sequence

GUUCGAAUC

• ANSWER:

• 5. GTTCGAATC

MATCH

• A. structural and functional core

• B. template for translation

• C. transporting amino acid

• 1. mRNA

• 2. tRNA

• 3. rRNA

MATCH

• A. structural and functional core

• B. template for translation

• C. transporting amino acid

• B mRNA

• C. tRNA

• A. rRNA

What is the amino acid sequence for these codons?

* AUG UAC CCC UGU UAA

What is the amino acid sequence for these codons?

• Answer:

• MET-TYR-PRO-CYS-STOP

* AUG UAC CCC UGU UAA

What kind of things…

• Are mutagens?

• ANSWER: high-energy radiation, X-rays, cigarette smoke, UV light, asbestos

Define:

• Mutation:

• ANSWER: Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG

• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG

• ANSWER: insertion (A)

What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG

• MUTATION: AACGAGG

• ANSWER: Deletion (T)

What type of mutation is this?

• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG

• MUTATION: AACGGGAT

• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped))

Matching Viruses:

• 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever

• 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus

• 3. In Malaysia• 4. Causes AIDS

• A. HIV

• B. Hanta virus

• C. Nipah

• D. Ebola

Matching Viruses:

• 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever

• 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus

• 3. In Malaysia (encephalitis)

• 4. Causes AIDS

• (4) A. HIV

• (2) B. Hanta virus

• (3) C. Nipah

• (1) D. Ebola

WHAT IS A RETROVIRUS?

• A. goes backwards

• B. codes DNA to DNA

• C. codes RNA to DNA

• ANSWER: C codes RNA to DNA

WHAT IS the enzymes that codes retroviruses?

• A. reversase

• B. RNAase

• C. reverse transcriptase

• ANSWER: C reverse transcriptase