CHAPTER 10 STUDY GUIDE BE READY TO ADD THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN

ANOTHER COLOR THAN WHAT YOU USED TO ANSWER THEM.

PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR NAME IS ON THE PAPER!

I WILL BE COLLECTING THE STUDY GUIDE TOMORROW! DON’T LOSE OUT ON THE FREE POINTS!

Energy is released by crashing waves. This energy breaks rocks. Water from

breaking waves also rushes into cracks in rocks, which helps break rock and

washes away fine grains of sand.

Large waves are more able to remove large chunks of rock from a shoreline than average-sized waves are because

large waves transfer more energy than average-sized waves do.

The color of a beach is the same as the color of the source rock.

Waves break at oblique angles to the shore. Waves wash sand parallel to the

direction they break. Return water flow bring sand directly down the slope of the

beach. This process results in a zigzag pattern of sand movement.

beach

shoreline

Wave deposits often form beaches along shorelines.

Sea Stacks, sea arches, sea caves, headlands, sea cliffs, wave-cut terraces.

Large wave because they form during storms and carry much of the energy from the

storm.

Saltation moves larger particles along the ground, while deflation picks up and

removes finer sediments.

Abrasion is the wearing down of rock surfaces by other rock or sand particles. In

areas that have strong winds and loose sand, the collision of millions of sharp sand grains

grinds and wears down rock surfaces.

Deflation hallows,

Desert pavement

Dunes

When wind encounters an obstacle, it slows down and drops its heavier materials. These deposits of material grow to form a mound. When these mounds are composed of sand,

they are called dunes.

Dunes move in the same direction as the wind moves.

Glaciers are made of snow and ice, which are forms of water. Glaciers shape and change

the landscape as they move across it.

Continental glaciers tend to smooth the landscape, whereas alpine glaciers carve out

rugged features.

Stratified drift

Glacial drift

till

Sliding and flowing

Horns, cirques, aretes, hanging valleys, and U-shaped valleys.

Lateral moraines, medial moraines, ground moraines, terminal moraines.

mudflow

Landslide can change a human or wildlife habitat by carrying away plants and animals

or by burying a habitat.

Mass movement will occur if the slope of the material is steeper than the angle of repose.

Mass movement is the movement of any material downslope.

sandbar

The breaking waves near the shoreline.

Slump

Glacial drift

creep

When waves reach shallow water, the lower part of the wave is crowded by the ocean

floor. The wave becomes taller and eventually grows so tall that is cannot

support itself. When the wave reaches this point, it curls and breaks.

Areas that have little vegetation, deserts, and coastlines are more affected by wind erosion than other areas are because few plant roots

anchor the sand and soil in place.

Creep

Shoreline: the boundary between land and a body of water.

Beach: an area of the shoreline that is made up of deposited sediment.

Undertow: a subsurface current that is near shore and that pulls objects out to sea.

Longshore Current: a water current that travels near and parallel to the shoreline.

Saltation: the movement of sand or other sediments by short jumps and bounces that

is caused by wind or water.

Deflation: a form of wind erosion in which fine, dry soil particles are blown away.

Abrasion: the grinding and wearing away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action

of other rock or sand particles.

Dune: a mound of wind-deposited sand that moves as a result of the action of wind.

Glacier: a large mass of moving ice.

Glacial drift: the rock material carried and deposited by glaciers.

Till: unsorted rock material that is deposited directly by a melting glacier.

Stratified drift: a glacial deposit that has been sorted and layered by the action of

streams or meltwater.

Mass movement: the movement of a large mass of sediment or a section of land down a slope.

Rock fall: the rapid mass movement rocks down a steep slope or cliff.

Landslide: the sudden movement of rock and soil down a slope.

Mudflow: the flow of a mass of mud or rock and soil mixed with a large amount of water.

Creep: the slow downhill movement.

of weathered rock material.