Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication...
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Transcript of Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication...
![Page 1: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 10
Molecular Biology of the Gene
![Page 2: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein
ReplicationWhat is it?Where does it occur?
REPLICATION
Copying DNA for division
In the nucleus
![Page 3: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein
TranscriptionWhat is it?Where does it occur?
Making mRNA from DNA
In the nucleus
![Page 4: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein
TranslationWhat is it?Where does it occur? In the cytoplasm, at a ribosome
Converting mRNA into a protein
![Page 5: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. DNA as source of genetic information
a. Hershey-Chase experiment showed DNA rather than protein to be the genetic material passed on from one generation to the next
![Page 6: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 7: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 8: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 9: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 10: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 11: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DNADNA
![Page 12: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2. DNA as source of genetic information
b. additional evidence – cell doubles DNA prior to mitosis, and then splits the DNA evenly among daughter cells
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Watson and Crick
![Page 14: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3. Molecular structure of DNA
a. Watson and Crick described the three dimensional structure of DNA one year after Hershey and Chase identified DNA as the genetic material
![Page 15: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. Molecular structure of DNA
b. DNA, along with RNA, are nucleic acids which are composed of nucleotides
c. Nucleotides consist of a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base (A, G, C, T, or U), and a phosphate group
![Page 16: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
3. Molecular structure of DNA
d. Structure of single DNA strand 1. sugar-phosphate backbone 2. bases covalently attached to sugar
and ‘hang off’ the side
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3. Molecular structure of DNA
e. double helical structure 1. double stranded 2. arranged in helix
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3. Molecular structure of DNA
3. hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases hold strands together (remember, hydrogen bonds are weak chemical bonds)
![Page 19: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3. Molecular structure of DNA
4. the two strands of DNA run “anti-parallel”; i.e., one strand runs in 5’-3’ direction while the other runs in the 3’-5’ direction The primed numbers refer to the C of the sugar. The bases are attached to the 1’ carbon and the phosphate groups are attached at the 5’ sugars. Nucleotides form covalent bonds between the 3’ carbon of one and the 5’ carbon of the other nucleotide.
![Page 20: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
4. DNA replication
a. complementary base pairing governs how new DNA molecules are synthesized using existing DNA as templates (fig 10.4)
1. A with T 2. G with C
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4. DNA replication
b. DNA synthesis is semiconservative; i.e., the two strands are separated and each strand is used as a separate template.
![Page 22: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
4. DNA replication
c. DNA synthesis occurs along each of the separated strands thus resulting in two new double-stranded molecules of DNA
![Page 23: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
4. DNA replication
d. New nucleotides are added to a growing strand of DNA one at a time, and this energy-requiring reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme, DNA polymerase
![Page 24: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
4. DNA replication
e. The new strands are synthesized 5’-3’ and anti-parallel with the template strands (10.5)
![Page 25: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
4. DNA replication
f. The two new strands of DNA are synthesized as the leading and lagging strand
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4. DNA replication
g. process of replication 1. the enzyme helicase unwinds the
double stranded DNA, while single stranded binding proteins stabilize the templates
![Page 27: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
4. DNA replication
2. primase adds RNA primers to the exposed templates because DNA polymerase must add new nucleotides to a 3’ end of an existing nucleotide in an already started strand
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5’ 3’
3’ 5’
![Page 29: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
4. DNA replication
3. DNA polymerase adds one nucleotide at a time in the 5’ – 3’ direction along the leading strand and lagging strand (leading strand is synthesized continuously while the lagging strand is synthesized in Okazaki fragments)
![Page 30: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4. DNA replication
4. Another DNA polymerase replaces the RNA primer
5. Ligase seals the Okazaki fragments
![Page 31: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1. Overview of protein synthesis
Process = DNA to RNA to protein
![Page 33: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
1. Overview of protein synthesis
Specific sequences of DNA in genes code for specific sequences of RNA which in turn code for specific sequences of amino acids in proteins
![Page 34: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
1. Overview of protein synthesis
a. compartmentalization1. transcription in nucleus
2. translation (protein synthesis) in cytoplasm
![Page 35: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2. Genetic Code
a. mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time; i.e., one amino acid coded for by three nucleotides
![Page 36: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
2. Genetic Code
b. each set of three nucleotides is referred to as a codon
c. use genetic code of RNA codons to predict amino acid sequence in synthesized peptide
![Page 37: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2. Genetic Code
c. use genetic code of RNA codons to predict amino acid sequence in synthesized peptide
![Page 38: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Using the Chart
CAU
• The codon CAU codes for His
![Page 39: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
3. Transcription
a. Initiation- RNA polymerase binds to promoter sequence of DNA, unwinds DNA and starts transcription at start site
![Page 40: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
3. Transcription
b. Elongation – RNA polymerase makes new strand of RNA in 5’ to 3’ direction; i.e., it adds new nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing RNA strand, DNA reforms double strand behind polymerase
AUG CAU GUC GAU CAC UAA AGU UUATAC GTA CAG CTA GTG ATT TCA AAT
ATG CAT GTC GAT CAC TAA AGT TTA
ATG CAT GTC GAT CAC TAA AGT TTA
![Page 41: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
3. Transcription
c. Termination – RNA polymerase reaches a terminator sequence of DNA and polymerase along with the newly synthesized mRNA are released
![Page 42: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
3. Transcription
d. Eukaryotic RNA is processed in the nucleus before final mRNA is sent to cytoplasm
![Page 43: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
3. Transcription
e. One gene (DNA) is read at a time by RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (monocystronic)
![Page 44: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
3. Transcription
f. Multiple genes can be read at a time by RNA polymerase in prokaryotes (polycystronic)
![Page 45: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
4. Translation
a. synthesis of proteins using RNA as a template
b. catalyzed by ribosomes in the cytoplasm
![Page 46: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
What Translation Looks Like
![Page 47: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
4. Translation
c. involves a variety of other players
1. t RNA transfer
2. m RNA messenger
3. r RNA ribosomal
![Page 48: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
5. tRNA
a. interpreters between nucleic acid language and protein language; i.e., translation
b. single stranded nucleic acid made via transcription just like mRNA
![Page 49: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
5. tRNA
c. 3’ end of tRNA binds amino acid
d. anticodon sequence of tRNA base pairs with corresponding codon on mRNA; therefore, anitcodon – codon binding determines which amino acid is added to the growing peptide
![Page 50: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
6. Ribosome (fig 10.12)
a. Catalyze protein synthesis
b. two ribosomal subunits; large and small
![Page 51: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
6. Ribosome
c. mRNA binding site on small ribosomal subunit
d. two tRNA binding sites known as P and A on large ribosomal subunit
![Page 52: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
6. Ribosome (fig 10.12)
e. an anticodon of a tRNA binds to the ribosome when its anticodon base pairs with a mRNA codon present in that same binding site
![Page 53: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
6. Ribosome (fig 10.12)
f. P site holds the tRNA attached to growing peptide
g. A sites holds the tRNA attached to the new (incoming) amino acid
![Page 54: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
What Translation Looks Like
![Page 55: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
7. Initiation of translation
a. small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA
b. a special initiator tRNA with anticodon UAC binds to start codon AUG (this tRNA carries amino acid methionine)
![Page 56: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
7. Initiation of translation
c. large ribosomal subunit binds with small ribosomal subunit placing initiator tRNA in P site and leaving A site empty for the next tRNA to bind
![Page 57: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
8. Elongation of translation (fig 10.14)
a. an incoming tRNA/amino acid binds to unoccupied A site
b. ribosome catalyzes formation of peptide bond between new amino acid and growing peptide, and the growing peptide is released from the tRNA in the P site
c. tRNA in A site is translocated to P site, moving the mRNA along with it a distance of 3 nucleotides; i.e., one codon
d. the mRNA moves along the ribosome one codon at a time
![Page 58: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
9. Termination of translation
a. The A site of the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) in the mRNA molecule
b. a releasing factor binds to the stop codon instead of another tRNA molecule
c. Releasing factor catalyzes release of peptide from ribosome
d. Translation assembly falls apart and can be used again
![Page 59: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
10. Overview of translation (fir 10.15)
a. amino acids polypeptide (protein)
b. mRNA carries the “message” of the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
c. tRNA/amino acid complex in cytoplasm
d. ribosome brings tRNA/amino acid to mRNA in a particular order as dictated by mRNA nucleotide sequence
e. ribosomes catalyze binding of amino acids into polypeptide; i.e., formation of peptide bonds
![Page 60: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Mutations Mutations are random changes in the DNA
sequence. Gene mutations are relatively small
affecting only one or two genes. Point mutations are caused by
substitutions and usually result in the change of one amino acid, and causing no change about 30% of the time.
Frameshift mutations are usually caused by a deletion. The affect all of the codons that follow the deletion. This will change many of the amino acids in the protein molecule.
![Page 61: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Substitution / Point Mutation
AUG CAU GUC GGU CAC UAA AGU UUA
AUG CAU GUC GAU CAU UAA AGU UUA
AUG CAU GUC GAU CAC UAA AGU UUA
AUG CAU GUC GAU CAC GAA AGU UUA
![Page 62: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene. Information transfer is from DNA RNA protein Replication What is it? Where does it occur? REPLICATION Copying.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649e265503460f94b156d8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Deletion / Frameshift
AUG CAU GUC GAU CAC UAA AGU UUA
AUG CAU GUC GAU CAC UAA AGU UUA
AUG CAU GUC GUC ACU AAA GUU UAG