Chapter 10 - Energy Scenarios - United Nations Development Programme
Chapter 10 Energy In a Cell Cellular Energy Chapter 10.
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Transcript of Chapter 10 Energy In a Cell Cellular Energy Chapter 10.
Chapter 10Energy In a Cell
Cellular Energy Chapter 10
I. ATP• All living things need
energy• In a cell, energy is
released when chemical reactions break chemical bonds
• ATP is adenosine triphosphate- a chemical compound that living organisms use to store and release energy
• 1. It is made when organisims break down glucose and starch.
• ATP has 3 major parts:– A. Adenine– B. Ribose– C. Phosphate
General Structure
b. ATP stores energy when the third phsophate is added
– I. With only two phosphates the molecule is called ADP, or adenosine diphosphate
ADP molecule
Adenine Phosphate
Ribose
ii. ADP is like a re-chargeable battery
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
PartiallyCharged Battery
FullyCharged Battery
• ii. Because ATP only stores energy for a short period of time the cell has more ADP than ATP
• iii. Cells use the energy from carbohydrates to add phosphates to ADP to create more ATP when needed
c. Energy from ATP Provides energy for metabolic processes
1. active transport2. moving organisms
into the cell3. Cell growth and
repair4. Movement,
digestion etc.
5. ATP moves two potassium and three sodium ions across the sodium-potassium pump in different direction
• ADP + P + Energy ---> ATP
• ATP --> ADP + P + Energy
Copy and complete:1. List the three parts of an ATP molecule. Adenine, ribose
sugar, and phosphate2. Compare and contrast ATP and ADP. ATP has one extra
phosphate3. How is energy released from ATP? From the bond on the
third phosphate4. List three transactions in a cell that require ATP. Active
transport, cell growth, movement5. What sugar does ADP contain? ribose6. Where is the energy stored in ATP? From the bond on the
third phosphate7. What happens to ATP after the energy has been released?
It forms ADP-like an uncharged battery
Photosynthesis
• I. All organisms need energy.– a. The sun is the main source of energy for all
living things
– b. All living things live by releasing energy found in the chemical bonds of compounds such as glucose
– Living things can be:• 1. Autotrophs- organism, like plant, that use
the sun’s energy to make energy containing compounds such as sugar and carbohydrates
• 2. Heterotrophs- organisms, like animals, that get energy from the sun indirectly by consuming food that have energy stored in them
CO2 + H2O + Light -> O2 + C6H12O6
• II. Photosynthesis- process in which autotrophs use the energy in the sun to change water and carbon dioxide (CO2) into simple sugar and oxygen
The equation for photosynthesis is:
There are two main parts of photosynthesis
–a. Light Dependent Reactions» i. This stage requires
light.» ii. Electrons in the
chlorophyll absorb the light energy. -Chlorophyll are structures in the
chloroplasts that reflect green and yellow light and absorbs all others
» iii. Energy from electrons is used to convert ADP to ATP.
Light Energy
CO2 + H2O
Sugars + O2
Sugars + O2
Absorption of Light Energy by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
» iv. Water molecules are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons
» v. Hydrogen ions attach to carrier molecules to be used in later steps of photosynthesis
» (The carrier molecule NADP becomes NADPH)
Photosynthesis Overview
CO2
ATP NADPH
Oxygen
Light
Sugars
LightDependentReactions
Chloroplast
Calvin Cycle
ATPNADPH
ADP NADP
H2O
b. Light Independent Reaction/The Calvin Cycle
–i. The second part of photosynthesis
–ii.This stage does NOT require light–iii. Enzymes combine carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere with the hydrogen ions (from the light reactions) to form simple sugars
• iv. This stage uses the ATP from the light reactions and stores it in the chemical bonds of glucose
• v. Excess simple sugars are stored as complex carbohydrates---cellulose and starch
• vi. Plants break down the sugars from photosynthesis for growth and development
• http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week3/06camc4plants.html
Affects on the rate Photosynthesis
1. Intensity of light2. Amount of water3. Temperature (0-35oC)
Copy and Complete
1. What are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose and oxygen
2. Where does the energy come from to convert ADP to ATP? electrons
3. What three factors influence the rate of photosynthesis? Amount of light , water and temperature