Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis
description
Transcript of Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis
![Page 1: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 10DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis
![Page 2: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Watson & CrickDuring the 1950’sJames Watson – American BiologistFrancis Crick – British Graduate Student• tried to determine the structure of DNA
1953: they came up with the structure- DNA is made up of 2 strands- double helix shape- they relied on other scientists to develop their
DNA model
![Page 3: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wilkins & FranklinMaurice Wilkins – English physicist and molecular biologistRosalind Franklin - British biophysicist, physicist, chemist, biologist and X-ray crystallographer
- took X-ray diffraction photographers of DNA crystals
![Page 4: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ChargaffIn 1949
Erwin Chargaff – American Chemist-discovered the key that lead to the understanding of DNA structure
- same amount of A as T- same amount of G as C
- was key because it means that there is base pairingPyrimidine = contains single ring (T & C)Purine = contains double ring (A & G)
![Page 5: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nobel Prize WinnersIN 19621. James Watson2. Francis Crick3. Maurice Wilkins
Why not Rosalind Franklin?
Franklin died in 1958 and could not receive the award, only the living can get a Nobel Prize
![Page 6: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ReplicationComplimentary base pairs allow for:
1. hydrogen bonds that help hold the 2 strands of DNA molecule together
2. helps explain how DNA replicates before a cell divides (one strand can serve as a template for making a new complimentary strand)
![Page 7: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is DNA replication?DNA replication = process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission
![Page 9: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What basically occurs?1. The two nucleotide strands of the original
double helix separate along the strands.
2. Each strand serves as a template to make new complimentary strands.
3. After replication-2 identical double stranded DNA molecules separate and move to new cells formed during cell division.
![Page 10: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Steps of Replication1. helicases = enzymes that separate the DNA strands - Helicases move along DNA molecule, breaking
hydrogen bonds, allowing the 2 strands of DNA helix to split
![Page 12: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Steps of Replication2. DNA polymerase = enzymes that add complimentary nucleotides to each of the original strands
- they are free floating in nucleus- hydrogen bonds are formed
![Page 13: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Steps of Replication3. DNA polymerases finish replicating the DNA and fall off, resulting in 2 separate and identical DNA molecules that are ready to move to new cells during cell division
![Page 14: Chapter 10 DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/56815d16550346895dcb17e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Semi-Conseravtive Replication- 1 strand is new and 1 strand is the original- each (combination) kept (conserved) one of
the 2 original strands
• Replication occurs in many locations otherwise it would take 53 days to replicate
• DNA ligase = enzyme that joins the gaps