Chapter 10America’s Economic Revolution

This is OIL…not blood…or ink.

The Industrial Revolution needed…1. Large population—industry needed a large

workforce to make the goods and to consume them2. Ability to grow enough food to feed the workforce3. Raw materials to supply industry4. Technology for large scale manufacturing5. Transportation6. Business practices that allowed for the

management of large industrial enterprises

Chapter 10.1

American Population 1820-1840

There were 3 population trends…Population Increase• Population was

increasingly rapidly—both through natural birth and immigration

Gentlemen…this is the

woman you want to be the

mother of your

children…if you’re afraid of the zombie apocalypse

Chapter 10.1

American Population 1820-1840

There were 3 population trends…Population Shift• People moved

from Countryside to Urban Centers in the Northeast and Northwest

Chapter 10.1

American Population 1820-1840

There were 3 population trends…Westward Migration•People continue to move farther and farther west, crossing the Mississippi in larger numbers.

Chapter 10.1

Why was there a population boom?

Improvements in public healthHigh birth rate—average white woman had 6.14 childrenCities became better at managing public health, waste, disease, and cleanliness/hygiene

Chapter 10.1

Immigrants and Urban Growth 1840-1860

European Immigration—1830’s saw a drastic increase in European ImmigrationUrban communities needed rural communities for materials and food/rural communities needed urban communities for goods and capitalCities grew because of their location

Near waterways, large depositories of materials, markets

In the 1850s the U.S. population grew from 23 million people to 31 million people

Of these, 1.5 million were European Immigrants

Chapter 10.1

The Irish and the GermansMost European Immigrants of this era came from Ireland and

Germany

GermanyImmigrants were mostly young men and familiesCame with money and skills, ready to work in factories or buy land for farming

IrelandImmigrants were mostly young single womenCame with no money, little skills, found work in textile mills in citiesCame to escape the “Potato Famine” 1845-49

1 million Irish died

Chapter 10.1

The Rise of NativismNATIVISM—A defense of native-born people and a hostility to foreign born people.

Wanted the government to slow or stop immigration.

THE “KNOW-NOTHINGS”—a political party officially called The Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner.

Wanted voters to have to be able to pass English reading tests to be able to vote didn’t want non-native borns to hold public office.Eventually they would become the American Party. They were strong in the early 1850’s in the East.

Chapter 10.1

The Canal Age1790-1820—the “Turnpike Era” many roads were built1820-1840—the “Canal Age” many canals were builtSteamboats carried corn and wheat from the Northwest and cotton and tobacco from the South to New Orleans where it was shipped to New York, San Francisco and to EuropeThe West and the East wanted a quicker, cheaper way to ship goods…thus canals!!! Canals were too expensive to be built by private companies so local and State governments paid for them…Take that FEDERALISTS!

Chapter 10.2

Roads vs. Canals1.5 Tons, 18 miles

per day100 Tons, 24 miles

per day

VS

The Erie Canal350 miles long40 wide and 40 feet deepStarted in 1817, finished in 1825Was paid for in 7 years of tollsMade New York the fastest growing, wealthiest and most influential city in the country…TAKE THAT PITTSBURG!!!!Helped bring settlers west

Chapter 10.2

The Early RailroadsEarly Railroads started with the invention of…

Tracks—many differed in size and shape (which was a problem) why?Steam Powered Locomotive—which is Spanish: ‘loco’ meaning crazy and ‘motive’ meaning train thus locomotive means “Crazy Train” (that’s where the expression “All aboard the Crazy Train, Choo Choo” comes from)Train Cars carried both goods and passengers

1st Track was in Baltimore in 1830—13 miles longBy 1836, 1,000 miles of track had be laid in the U.S.Canals and Railroads competed for business.

Who do you think won and why?????????

Chapter 10.2

Triumph of the Rails1840—2,818 miles of track in the U.S.1850—9,021 miles of track in the U.S.1860—27,679 mils of track in the U.S.Chicago becomes the rail center of the West

100 trains move in and out of Chicago every day

Chapter 10.2

Railroad InvestmentBuilding and operating railroads required a lot of capital and a lot of investment which came from…

Small local investorsLarge foreign investors—mostly German and BritishLocal governmentsThe Federal Government in the form of Public Land Grants

1860 Congress had given Railroad companies 30 million acres of land to the railroad companies

Chapter 10.2

Innovation in Communication

1844 Samuel Morse invents the Magnetic Telegraph—TEXT MESSAGING IS BORN!

Uses the cleared land of train tracks to run wires between train stations and cities.

Symbiotic relationship.The Telegraph separated the North and South further because the North had this new, fast, technological type of communication why the South was slow to build telegraph lines.

Chapter 10.2

Telegraph WireBy 1860 50,000 miles of Telegraph wire crisscrossed the U.S.

The wires could go around the Earth twice!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Telegraph Wire

+50,000 Times

•Or that’s like driving from Athens to 7-11 on Long Lake and John R. 50,000 Times!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

“Wow Mr. Flessa… way to

make our learning real

world relevant!”— Says student

fascinated by this bit of trivia!

Journalism1846 Richard Hoe (Giggitty) invented the Steam Cylinder Rotary Press

Allows for cheaper quicker production of newspapers

1846 the Associated Press is formed

A cooperative of news gathering sources that share news, information, and stories through telegraph wires

Chapter 10.2