Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.
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Transcript of Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies Lesson 2-Tools of Geography.
Chapter 1-Understanding Social Studies
Lesson 2-Tools of Geography
What is Geography?
• Geography-is the study of the Earth, it natural features, its
people, and the ways they interact.
• Parts of Geography:
Landforms
Water systems
Climates
Natural resources
Human beings
Places and Experiences:
• Landforms- natural features of the land that make it unique.
Beach
Mountain range
• Climate- general weather pattern of a place over time.
Beach = breezy, sunny, humid
Mountain range = hot, dry
What is Geography?
Places and Experiences:
• Urban- living or working in the city.
• Rural- Living or working in the
country.
• Potential- likely, possible.
What is Geography?
Five Themes of Geography:
• Location describes the position of a place on Earth.
Absolute Location- the physical location of a place.
Pearland, TX 29°33′16″N 95°17′45″W
Relative Location- the location of a place in relationship
to other places or features.
Pearland Jr. High East is located on Old Alvin Rd. next to St.
Helen Catholic Church.
What is Geography?
Five Themes of Geography:
• Place is a geographic location, such as city or a town and its
physical or human characteristics. (natural landmark, buildings,
and roads)
• Regions are areas that share common characteristics (Gulf Coast
Plains- flat land, tall grass, 50” rain per year, hot and humid)
What is Geography?
Five Themes of Geography:
• Movement refers to the study of how and why people,
and things move.
• Human Environment Interaction is how the natural
environment has affected humans and how people
adapt and use their surroundings.
What is Geography?
Using Globes and Maps
•A globe is a round model of
the Earth that shows its
shape, lands, and directions
as they truly relate to one
another.
Using Globes and Maps
The Prime Meridian divides the Earth
into Eastern and Western
Hemispheres.
• Everything east of the Prime Meridian
for 180 degrees is in the Eastern
Hemisphere.
• Everything west of the Prime
Meridian for 180 degrees is in the
Western Hemisphere.
Using Globes and Maps
The Equator divides the Earth into
Northern and Southern
Hemispheres.
• Everything north of the Equator is
in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Everything south of the Equator is
in the Southern Hemisphere.
Using Globes and MapsLatitude:• Lines of latitude are imaginary circles that run east to west around the
globe.
• Known as parallels.
• These parallels divide the globe into units called degrees.
• The Equator circles the middle of the Earth like a belt.
• It is located halfway between the North and South Poles.
• The Equator is 0° latitude.
• The letter N or S that follows the degree symbol tells
you if the location is north or south of the Equator.
• The North Pole is 90°N (north) latitude.
• The South Pole is at 90°S (south) latitude.
Using Globes and Maps
Longitude:• Lines of longitude run from the North Pole to the South
Pole.
• Known as meridians.
• The Prime Meridian is 0° longitude.
• It runs through Greenwich, England.
• It is also called the Meridian of Greenwich.
• The letter E or W that follows the degree symbol tells you
if the location is east or west of the Prime Meridian.
• On the opposite side of the Earth is the 180° meridian,
also known as the International Date Line.
Using Globes and Maps
Using Maps:• Map is a flat drawing of all or part of the Earth’s
surface.
• Cartographers, or mapmakers, use mathematical
formulas to transfer information from the round
globe to a flat map.
• When the Earth’s surface is flattened on a map, big
gaps open up.
• Mapmakers stretch parts of the Earth to show
either the correct shapes of places or their correct
sizes.
Using Globes and Maps
Globes and Maps:
Globes and maps serve
different purposes, and
each has advantages
and
disadvantages.
Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:• Physical Map-
shows the physical
features of an area.
Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:• Political Map- shows the names
and boundaries of political
entities, along with cities,
counties, etc.
• Entity- something that exists
as its own unit; anything that is
real.
Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:
• Thematic Map- shows
specific topic in detail.
Examples include: climate,
vegetation, natural
resources, population
density, historical
expansions.
Using Globes and Maps
Types of Maps:
• Age Distribution- the structure
of a population according to age.
• Growth Rate- speed at which a
population grows.