Chapter 1thomsec/pg/5echapter_01.pdf · 2006. 9. 18. · Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W....
Transcript of Chapter 1thomsec/pg/5echapter_01.pdf · 2006. 9. 18. · Elemental Geosystems 5e Robert W....
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Chapter 1Essentials of Geography
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. ChristophersonCharles E. Thomsen
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Essentials of GeographyThe Science of GeographyEarth Systems ConceptsLocation and Time on EarthMaps, Scales, and ProjectionsRemote Sensing and GIS
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The Science of GeographyGeography – from geo “Earth” and graphein “to write”Geography is
a method, not a body of knowledgeholisticeclectic
Geographers use spatial analysisGeographers use Earth systems science
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Geography isThe science that studies the relationships among
natural systems, geographic areas, society, cultural activities, and the interdependence of all of these over space.
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Physical Geography isThe spatial analysis of all the physical elements and processes that make up the environment.
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The Science of GeographyGeographic AnalysisThe Geographic Continuum
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Figure 1.2
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Scientific Method
Figure FS 1.1.1
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Earth Systems ConceptsSystems Theory
Open systemClosed systemSystem feedbackSystem equilibriumMount Pinatubo–global system impactSystems in Elemental GeosystemsModels of systems
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Figure 1.3
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Systems
Figure 1.4
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Meltponds as Positive Feedback
Figure HLC 1.1.1
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Mount Pinatubo
Figure 1.5
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Earth’s Four Spheres
Figure 1.7
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Earth’s Dimensions
Figure 1.8
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Measuring Earth in 247 B.C.
Figure 1.9
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Location and Time on EarthLatitude
Latitudinal geographic zonesLongitudeGreat CirclesPrime Meridian and Standard Time
International Date LineCoordinated Universal TimeDaylight saving time
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Latitude
Figure 1.10
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Latitudinal Geographic Zones
Figure 1.12
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Longitude
Figure 1.12
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Great Circles and Small Circles
Figure 1.13
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Prime Meridian and Standard Time
Figure 1.15
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Maps, Scales, and ProjectionsMap Scales Projections
Properties of projectionsThe nature and classes of projections
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Figure 1.19
Classes of Map Projections
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Remote Sensing and GISRemote Sensing
Active remote sensingPassive remote sensing
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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Active and Passive Remote Sensing
Figure 1.22
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Remote Sensing
Figure 1.23 Figure 1.24
RADARSAT-1 GOES-12
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GIS System Model
Figure 1.26
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End of Chapter 1
Elemental Geosystems 5e
Robert W. ChristophersonCharles E. Thomsen