Chapter 1

The Roots of the American People

Why study history ?

• Movement

• Development of civilizations

• Separations of cultures

• Different languages

• communications

1.1 the Earliest Americans

A. The First Americans

How did the first humans arrive on the

North American Continent

1. Land Bridge Theory

during ice age parts of the

North America water

level dropped

exposing land

People moved from Asia following large game and continued to spread throughout

Coastal Route

some theory believes people actually used boats to follow food

2. Learning to Farm

big game began to disappear

people became gatherers

8,000 years ago gatherers figured out how to grow crops…,

Results

people settled in one area

farmed land, raised animals

population increases

villages & towns are created

B. Three Civilizations

When towns develop Civilization evolves

Civilization is the development of culture

religions , government, education

The 3 largest are Maya, Aztec, & Inca

1. Maya

Existed between 900-250 A.D.

located in central America

Created Temples, plazas ,palaces ball courts

Developed arts, religion, government & written languages

Around 900 AD the civilization disappears

2. Aztec

Rises as the Maya’s fall

Creates a large capitol cityTenochtilan

located where Mexico City is today largest city of the world

had a central religioncreated an army to capture more land

3. Inca

Located in South America

Came into power in 1400’s

Capitol was Cuzco

Created a great highway system

1.2 Cultures of North America

A. First Cultures of North America

evidence native American tribes

begin to emerge about 3,000 yrs

each group will adapt to the environment that surrounds them

1. Mound Builders

located on the east coast of the united states

evidence of the earliest Indian nations

were usually religious or burial mounds

2. Anasazi

located in the southwest region

built house into cliff for protection

3. Hohokam Tribe

Located Az & Ca.

Know for building canals to irrigate land

Had a large trade connection

Descendents of May & Aztecs

B. Ways of Life

Women were usually the gatherers

grains berries , nuts etc

Men usually were hunters and fishers

Most Indian Nations grew some food

All nations traded among themselves

using shells, copper, pottery as money

2. Beliefs

Most Indian Nations believe in nature gods

or spirits

Passed on the culture story tellers

C. Native American

Far North

Inuit

Northwest

Pacific Coast lived in large groups

survived on bear salmon

custom of Potlatch

Southwest

Apache, Hopi, Comanche, Navajo

most are nomads

following food

• Pueblos built houses from adobe

Great Plains Indians

Crow , Blackfeet, Dakota, Arapaho

Would plant crops and follow buffalo

Lived in portable houses

tepee

Eastern Woodland

Algonquin, Iroquois, Leni-Lenape

Miami, Shawnee

Women held the lineage , the most important members of the family

SouthEast

Cherokee, Creeks, Natchez

Most were farmers

Climate mild could build houses from mud & straw

1.3 Trade & Networks of Asia

Europeans , Africans, and Asians

exchanged goods, ideas

and influenced each other through

TRADE

A. Muslim Link in trade

The rise in trade between Europe & the Middle East and the Far East

Created a new religion

Islam

Islam

Islam founder was profit

Mohamed

There is one god Allah

Sacred book Quran

5 pillars to Islam

Arabs had an advance in learning

of medicine

astronomy

ship building

math

B. African Link in Trade

Trade develops in east Africa

Trading in gold, ivory, furs, cloth and pottery

West Africa trade develops through he Sahara Desert

Trading in salt , gold, & people

C. East Asian Link

China trades with

India

Korea

Japan

Middle East

Africa

Silk trade routes with China

Chinese were very advanced in

Movable type

Magnetic compass

Trades in silk, spices, bronze , gunpowder

1.4 The European Heritage

A. Judeo- Christian Traditions

Europe is influenced by two major religions

Judaism and Christianity

Judaism

Developed about 1700 b.c.

Believed in one god -

Prophet Moses gave the Ten Commandments -

ChristianityDeveloped 2,000 years agoBased on the teachings of ChristBelief on one GodJesus is Messiah, Savior

This will become the largest religion in Europe

B. Greeks & Romans

Democracy

developed by the Greeks 500 bc

laws are created by the people

excludes women, slaves & foreigners

Roman Law

creates a republic

Government is run by elected officials

create laws of the land

and peoples rights

Middle Ages 1,000 years of decline of

civilization of Europe

Crusades religious war to spread Christianity

Renaissance 1300-1500 in Europe , the age of enlightenment

C. Age of Exploration

European Nation want to be strong and grow

Goal is to spread Christianity

Prince Henry the Navigator ( Portugal)Teaches sailors how to use astrolabeMagnetic compassCreate maps ( cartography)Identify latitude & longitude

Vasco Da Gamma ( Portugal)

Sails south around the Cape of Good HornIn Africa The first Sailor to do so

WHY?

Vasco da Gamma – Portuguese explorer – first person to sail directly from Europe to India.