Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution
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Transcript of Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution
Chapter 1The Copernican Revolution
Chapter 1The Copernican Revolution
The planets’ motionsThe planets’ motions
• Wanderers among the stars
• Retrograde motion
Figure 1.1Planetary Motions
Geocentric models of the Universe
Geocentric models of the Universe
• Earth at center of solar system
• Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.)
• Ptolemy (87 - 150 A.D. approximately)
Figure 1.2 - Geocentric Model
Figure 1.3 - Ptolemy’s Model
History of modern astronomy and heliocentric models
History of modern astronomy and heliocentric models
• Sun at center of solar system
• Copernicus (1473 - 1543)
• Brahe (1546 - 1601)
• Galileo (1564 - 1642)
• Kepler (1571 - 1630)
Figure 1.4 - Nicholas Copernicus 1473 - 1543
Figure 1.5 - Retrograde Motion
Figure 1.6 - Galileo Galilei 1564 - 1642
Figure 1.7Galilean Moons
Figure 1.8a - Venus PhasesSun-centered model
Figure 1.8b - Venus PhasesPtolemy’s model
Figure 1.9 - Johannes Kepler 1571 - 1630
Figure 1.10Tycho Brahe1546 - 1601
Kepler’s laws ofplanetary motionKepler’s laws ofplanetary motion
• 1st law - elliptical orbits
• 2nd law - equal areas in equal times
• 3rd law - P2 proportional to a3
Figure 1.11 - Ellipse
Figure 1.12Orbital Properties
Figure 1.13 - Kepler’s Second Law
Figure 1.14 - Astronomical Unit
Figure 1.15 - Isaac Newton 1642 - 1727
Newton’s Three Laws of MotionNewton’s Three Laws of Motion
1. Motion remains constant unless force acts
2. Force = mass X acceleration3. Forces occur in pairs on two bodies
Figure 1.16Newton’s First Law
Newton’s Law of GravityThe force of gravity is
Newton’s Law of GravityThe force of gravity is
• Stronger with larger masses• Stronger with smaller distances
Figure 1.17 - Gravity
Figure 1.18 Gravitational Force
Figure 1.19 Sun’s Gravity
Figure 1.20 - Center of Mass
Figure 1.21 Orbits