Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

29
Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

description

Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution. The planets’ motions. Wanderers among the stars Retrograde motion. Figure 1.1 Planetary Motions. Geocentric models of the Universe. Earth at center of solar system Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.) Ptolemy (87 - 150 A.D. approximately). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Page 1: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Chapter 1The Copernican Revolution

Chapter 1The Copernican Revolution

Page 2: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

The planets’ motionsThe planets’ motions

• Wanderers among the stars

• Retrograde motion

Page 3: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.1Planetary Motions

Page 4: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Geocentric models of the Universe

Geocentric models of the Universe

• Earth at center of solar system

• Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.)

• Ptolemy (87 - 150 A.D. approximately)

Page 5: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.2 - Geocentric Model

Page 6: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.3 - Ptolemy’s Model

Page 7: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

History of modern astronomy and heliocentric models

History of modern astronomy and heliocentric models

• Sun at center of solar system

• Copernicus (1473 - 1543)

• Brahe (1546 - 1601)

• Galileo (1564 - 1642)

• Kepler (1571 - 1630)

Page 8: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.4 - Nicholas Copernicus 1473 - 1543

Page 9: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.5 - Retrograde Motion

Page 10: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.6 - Galileo Galilei 1564 - 1642

Page 11: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.7Galilean Moons

Page 12: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.8a - Venus PhasesSun-centered model

Page 13: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.8b - Venus PhasesPtolemy’s model

Page 14: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.9 - Johannes Kepler 1571 - 1630

Page 15: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.10Tycho Brahe1546 - 1601

Page 16: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Kepler’s laws ofplanetary motionKepler’s laws ofplanetary motion

• 1st law - elliptical orbits

• 2nd law - equal areas in equal times

• 3rd law - P2 proportional to a3

Page 17: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.11 - Ellipse

Page 18: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.12Orbital Properties

Page 19: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.13 - Kepler’s Second Law

Page 20: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.14 - Astronomical Unit

Page 21: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.15 - Isaac Newton 1642 - 1727

Page 22: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Newton’s Three Laws of MotionNewton’s Three Laws of Motion

1. Motion remains constant unless force acts

2. Force = mass X acceleration3. Forces occur in pairs on two bodies

Page 23: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.16Newton’s First Law

Page 24: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Newton’s Law of GravityThe force of gravity is

Newton’s Law of GravityThe force of gravity is

• Stronger with larger masses• Stronger with smaller distances

Page 25: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.17 - Gravity

Page 26: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.18 Gravitational Force

Page 27: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.19 Sun’s Gravity

Page 28: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.20 - Center of Mass

Page 29: Chapter 1 The Copernican Revolution

Figure 1.21 Orbits