Chapter 1Chapter 1People and the GovernmentPeople and the Government

Section 1Section 1

Principles of GovernmentPrinciples of Government What is GovernmentWhat is Government What is a StateWhat is a State Essential Features of A StateEssential Features of A State What are the Origins of the StateWhat are the Origins of the State What are the purposes of GovernmentWhat are the purposes of Government

A StateA State Comes from Latin Meaning “to stand”Comes from Latin Meaning “to stand” Identifies a political community that Identifies a political community that

occupies a definite territory and has occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the an organized government with the power to make and enforce lawspower to make and enforce laws

Essential Features of a Essential Features of a GovernmentGovernment

PopulationPopulation TerritoryTerritory SovereigntySovereignty GovernmentGovernment

Origins of a StateOrigins of a State Evolution TheoryEvolution Theory

The State is a mere extension of the familyThe State is a mere extension of the family The early forms of family centered around The early forms of family centered around

the head of the family that served as the the head of the family that served as the authority or governmentauthority or government

Patriarchal vs. Matriarchal Patriarchal vs. Matriarchal

Force TheoryForce Theory

As cities began forming and these As cities began forming and these cities needed protection, Leaders cities needed protection, Leaders began to emerge who provided the began to emerge who provided the protection from enemies of the protection from enemies of the civilizationcivilization

Divine Right TheoryDivine Right Theory

The Gods have chosen this individual The Gods have chosen this individual to be the leader of the civilizationto be the leader of the civilization

Social Contract TheorySocial Contract Theory

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes Social Contract between People and the Social Contract between People and the

Society that Protects the peopleSociety that Protects the people

John LockeJohn Locke During the Glorious Revolution said that the During the Glorious Revolution said that the

people who give the power to govern to the people who give the power to govern to the authorities have the right to break the authorities have the right to break the contract if they feel that the right to life contract if they feel that the right to life liberty and property are not being metliberty and property are not being met

Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government

Government derives its authority Government derives its authority Two distinct waysTwo distinct ways

LegitimacyLegitimacy The willingness of the people to follow the The willingness of the people to follow the

governmentgovernment Coercive ForceCoercive Force

Police, Judicial, and Military power of the Police, Judicial, and Military power of the governmentgovernment

11stst Purpose of Government Purpose of Government

Maintaining Social OrderMaintaining Social Order People have not figured out how to live in People have not figured out how to live in

groups without conflict therefore groups without conflict therefore government is derived to maintain order, government is derived to maintain order, Resolving ConflictResolving Conflict

22ndnd Purpose Purpose

Providing Public ServicesProviding Public Services TransportationTransportation WaterWater ElectricityElectricity Sewer SystemsSewer Systems

33rdrd Purpose Purpose

Providing National SecurityProviding National Security Provide security from attack by foreign and Provide security from attack by foreign and

domestic aggressorsdomestic aggressors

44thth Purpose Purpose

Make Economic decisionsMake Economic decisions ScarcityScarcity Domestic affairsDomestic affairs Foreign AffairsForeign Affairs FarmersFarmers Tax advantagesTax advantages Inflation and DeflationInflation and Deflation Development of Natural ResourcesDevelopment of Natural Resources

Section 2Section 2

The Formation of GovernmentThe Formation of Government

Government SystemsGovernment Systems

Unitary SystemUnitary System All powers rests in the hands of the national All powers rests in the hands of the national

government (Totalitarianism)government (Totalitarianism)

Federal SystemFederal System Divides the powers up between the national Divides the powers up between the national

and state governmentsand state governments

First form of GovernmentFirst form of Government

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

What is a Constitution?What is a Constitution?

Incomplete GuidesIncomplete Guides Customs/Traditions/HeritageCustoms/Traditions/Heritage

A statement of GoalsA statement of Goals PreamblePreamble

Framework for GovernmentFramework for Government How the government operates and amends itselfHow the government operates and amends itself

Highest LawHighest Law There is no higher law in the land than the There is no higher law in the land than the

constitutionconstitution

Section 3Section 3

Types of GovernmentsTypes of Governments

AutocracyAutocracy

Power is in hands Power is in hands of single individualof single individual

InheritanceInheritance RuthlessRuthless Totalitarian Totalitarian

DictatorshipDictatorship MonarchyMonarchy

OligarchyOligarchy

Small group holds Small group holds all powerall power

Communist style Communist style governmentgovernment

Suppress all Suppress all political oppositionpolitical opposition

DemocracyDemocracy

Rule by the peopleRule by the people Greek Demos- meaning Greek Demos- meaning

the peoplethe people Government “of the Government “of the

people, by the people, people, by the people, and for the people”and for the people”

Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy Representative Representative

DemocracyDemocracy

Characteristics of a DemocracyCharacteristics of a Democracy

Individual LibertyIndividual Liberty Majority rule / Minority RightsMajority rule / Minority Rights Free ElectionsFree Elections Competing Political PartiesCompeting Political Parties