Chapter 1 Part 1-Microbial World and You

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Microbial World and You

By

LUDY MAE B NALZARO BSM RN MN



LUDY MAE B NALZARO BSM RN MN 2

Terminologieshellip

bull Colony

ndash A visible mass of microbial cells arising from one cell or a

group of the same microbes

bull Procaryotes

ndash A cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear

envelope

bull Eucaryotes ndash Cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus




bull Algae

ndash Photosynthetic eukaryotes

bull Bacteria

ndash Prokaryotic organism characterized by peptidoglycan cell wall

bull Saprophytesdecomposers

ndash Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organic matters

Terminologieshellip




What is Microbiology

bull Micro - too small to be seen with the naked eye

bull Bio - life

bull ology - study of

bull Is the study of very small living organisms calledmicroorganismsmicrobes

bull Microbes are ubiquitous

ndash Meaning they are virtually everywhere






bull Microbes play important roleshellip

ndash They are living onin our body

ndash Some colonize our body

ndash Produce oxygen thru photosynthesis ndash Decomposition of dead organismswasteproducts of living organisms

bull Decomposerssaprophyte

ndash Decompose industrial waste (oil spills) ndash

bioremediation ndash Involved in Elemental cycle (carbonnitrogenoxygen sulfur and phosphorouscycles)




bull Algae and bacteria serve as food for tinyanimals

bull Aid in the digestion of food in human ( E coli)

bull Microbes process our food and beverages ndash biotechnology

bull Genetic engineering

bull Cause 2 categories of diseases

ndash Infectious diseases (colonizes the body)

ndash Microbial intoxications (ingest toxin)




Organisms included in the study

of Microbiologybull 1 Bacteria

bull 2 Protozoans

bull 3 Algaebull 4 Parasites

bull 5 Yeasts and Molds

ndash Fungi

bull 6 Viruses

bull Bacteriology

bull Protozoology

bull Phycologybull Parasitology

bull Mycology

bull Virology

Microorganisms - Microbes - Germs




5 Kingdoms of Living Organisms

bull 1 Animalia

bull 2 Plantae

bull 3 Fungi

bull 4 Protista

bull 5 Monera - Bacteria and Cyanobacteria

bull Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic




5 Characteristics of Life

bull 1 Cells

bull 2 Maintain structure by taking up

chemicals and energy from the environmentbull 3 Respond to stimuli in the external

environment

bull 4 Reproduce and pass on their organizationto their offspring

bull 5 Evolve and adapt to the environment




Taxonomic Classification

bull Kingdom

bull DivisionPhylumbull Class

bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia

bull Chordatabull Mammalia

bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom

bull Phylumbull Class

bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia

bull Chordatebull Mammalia

bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica




Binomial System of Taxonomic

Classificationbull Use only the Genus and species

ndash Homo sapien

ndash Felis domestica ndash Escherichia coli

bull Genus and species are either underlined or

italicized bull Genus is always capitalized

bull species is never capitalized




Classification Systembull 3 Domains 1978 Carl Woese

ndash 1 Bacteriabull Unicellular prokaryotes with cell wall containing

peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea

bull Unicellular prokaryotes with no peptodoglycan incell wall

ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia




Bacteria - what comes to mind

bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics

bull Food Spoilagebull Only 3 of all known bacteria cause human

diseases

bull About 4 of all known bacteria cause plantdiseases

bull 95 of known bacteria are non-pathogens




Microbes Benefit Humans

bull 1Bacteria are primary decomposers -

recycle nutrients back into the environment

(sewage treatment plants)bull 2 Microbes produce various food products

ndash cheese pickles green olives

ndash yogurt soy sauce vinegar bread ndash Beer Wine Alcohol




3 Microbes are used to produce Antibiotics

bull Penicillin

bull Mold ndash Penicillium notatum

bull 1928 Alexander Fleming




4 Bacteria synthesize chemicals that our

body needs but cannot synthesize

bull Example E coli

ndash B vitamins - for metabolism

ndash Vitamin K - blood clotting

bull Escherichia coli

ndash Dr Escherich ndash Colon (intestine)




5 Biochemistry and Metabolism

bull Very simple structure

bull rapid rate of reproduction

bull provides ldquoinstantrdquo data




6 Microbial Antagonism

bull Our normal microbial flora prevents

potential pathogens from gaining access to

our body




7 Insect Pest Control

bull Using bacteria to control the growth of

insects

bull Bacillus thuringiensis

ndash caterpillars

ndash bollworms ndash corn borers




8 Bioremediation

bull Using microbes to clean up pollutants and

toxic wastes

bull Exxon Valdez - 1989

bull 2 Genera

ndash Pseudomonas sp ndash Bacillus sp




9 Recombinant DNA Technology

Gene Therapy Genetic Engineering

bull Bacteria can be manipulated to produceenzymes and proteins they normally would

not produce

ndash Insulin

ndash Human Growth Hormone

ndash Interferon




10 Microbes form the basis of

the food chain

Marine and fresh water microorganisms




Microbes do benefit us but they are also

capable of causing many diseases

bull Pneumonia Whooping Cough

bull Botulism Typhoid Fever Measles

bull Cholera Scarlet Fever Mumps

bull Syphilis Gonorrhea Herpes 1

bull Chlamydia Tuberculosis Herpes 2

bull Meningitis Tetanus RMSV

bull Strep Throat Lyme Disease AIDS

bull Black Plague Diarrhea Gangrene




History of the Study of

Microorganisms

bull 1665 Robert Hooke

ndash ldquolittle boxesrdquo - ldquocellsrdquo

ndash Cell Theory - all living things are made up of cells




Spontaneous Generation

bull Theory that life just ldquospontaneouslyrdquo

developed from non-living matter

bull Example

ndash toads snakes and mice - moist soil

ndash flies and maggots - manure and decaying flesh




Experiments to disprove

Spontaneous Generationbull Francesco Redi 1668

ndash Showed that worms which appeared on rotting meatwere from fly eggs

bull Rudolph Virchow 1858 ndash Theory of Biogenesis

bull Cells can only arise from preexisting cells

bull Louis Pasteur 1861 ndash Showed that appearance of microbes in sterilized media

was from air-borne bacteria ndash Showed that sterilized materials remained sterile if kept

isolated from the external environment




Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674

- 1st person to actually see living microorganisms

ldquowee animalculesrdquo




ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

bull 1st to see live bacteria and protozoabull FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY

bull FATHER OF BACTERIOLOGY amp PROTOZOOLOGY

bull Fabric merchant a surveyor wine assayer and a minor city

official

bull Hobby

ndash ground tiny glass lenses which he mounted in smallmetal frames (single-lens microscope)





bull He never speculated on the

origin of microbes nor associate

them with infectious disease







bull Scientist became convinced of the existence of tiny creature (notseen by naked eye)

bull SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY ABIOGENESIS wasestablished

ndash Life could develop spontaneously from inanimatesubstancesnonliving organisms

ndash UNTIL the time of Louis Pasteur and John Tyndall whodisproved the theory and prove that

bull ldquoLIFE CAN ONLY ARISE FROMPREEXISTING LIFE ALONErdquo




LOUIS PASTEUR

bull Contributions makes the

foundation of

ndash science of microbiology

ndash modern medicinehellip




LOUIS PASTEURrsquoS CONTRIBUTIONhellip

bull 1 Wine contamination Discoveredwhat occurs during alcoholicfermentation ndash Demonstrated that different microbes

produce different fermentationproducts

ndash Ex yeast converts glucose in grapesto ethanol by fermentation

ndash Acetobacter a contaminatingbacteriaconverts glucose to aceticacid (vinegar)- ruining the taste of thewine




2 Thru experiment dealth the fatal blow tothe theory of spontaneous generation




Pasteur designed special ldquoswan-necked flasksrdquo

with a boiled meat infusion

Shape of flask allowed air in (vital force) but trapped

dust particles which may contain microbes








bull 3 Discovered forms of life that are withno oxygen

ndash Aerobes ndash microbes needs Oxygen ndash Anaerobes ndash microbes can live without

oxygen





4 Pasteurization ndash process that kills microbesthat cause wine to spoil

- Can be used to kill pathogens in liquids

- Process- Heating and maintaining to 63-65oC for 30 minutes or 73-75oCfor 15mins

- Note not ALL microbes are killed

ONLY the pathogens





bull 5 Discovered the causative agent that

were causing silkworm diseases in silk industry in France and how to preventsuch disease

bull 6 Contributed on the GERM THEORYOF DISEASE ndash specific microbes causespecific infectious diseases

ndash ex anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis

ndash TB by Mycobacterium tuberculosis





7 Championed changes in hospitalpractices to minimize the spread of disease by pathogens

8 Developed vaccines to preventcholeraanthrax and swineerysipelas (skin disease)

9 Developed RABIES vaccine in dogs

and successfully used to treathuman rabies




Germ Theory of Disease

bull Hard for people to believe that diseases werecaused by tiny invisible ldquowee animalculesrdquo

bull Diseases they thought were caused by

ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck

ndash the wrath of God ndash curses

ndash evil spirits




Robert Koch - 1st to prove that

bacteria actually caused diseases

bull 1876

bull Microbial Etiology of Infectious Disease

ndash etiology - the cause of a disease

bull Developed methods of fixing staining andphotographing bacteria

bull Established ldquoscientific rulesrdquo to show a cause and

effect relationship between a microbe and a

disease

ndash Kochrsquos Postulates




Staining Koch Postulate

K hrsquo P t l t




Kochrsquos Postulates bull 1 The same organisms must be found in all

cases of a given diseasebull 2 The organism must be isolated and grown

in pure culture

bull 3 The isolated organism must reproducethe same disease when inoculated into a

healthy susceptible animal

bull 4 The original organism must again beisolated from the experimentally infected

animal




Exceptions to Kochrsquos Postulates

1 Some organisms have never been grown in

pure culture on artificial media

Treponema pallidum - Syphilis




Mycobacterium leprae

Leprosy

Never been grown in pure culture on artificial media

Seven Banded Armadillo






bull In exclusively human diseases it is not

morally acceptable to inoculate a deadly

pathogen into a ldquohuman guinea pigrdquo

bull HIV




Koch established the Microbial Etiology

of 3 important diseases of his day

bull 1 Cholera (fecal-oral disease)

ndash Vibrio cholerae

bull 2 Tuberculosis (pulmonary infection) ndash Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ndash Work on tuberculin (protein from M tuberculosis) that led to devrsquot of skin testing to diagnose TB

bull 3 Anthrax (sheep and cattle) ndash Bacillus anthracis ndash Discovered that B anthracis produce spores that is capable of resisting

adverse conditions

A h




Anthraxbull Bacillus anthracis

ndash Gram (+) non-motile aerobic spore forming rod ndash Streptobacilli with central spores

ndash Livestock

bull Sheep cattle goats

ndash Humans

bull Handle hides wool goat hair handicrafts from the Middle

East made from animal products




3 Forms of Human Anthrax

bull 1 Cutaneous Anthrax

ndash Enters thru cut or

abrasion

ndash Results in painless

ulcer (1-3 cm) with

black (necrotic) center

ndash About 20 mortality

rate in untreated cases




bull 2 Gastrointestinal Anthrax

ndash Contaminated meat

ndash Abdominal pain fevervomiting blood severe

diarrhea

ndash 25 to 60 mortality rate

3 I h l i A h




bull 3 Inhalation Anthrax

bull Initial symptomsresemble common

cold ndash Progress to severe

breathing problems andshock

ndash Usually results in death1-2 days after onset of acute symptoms

ndash Mortality rate 99 inuntreated cases

ndash Treatment usually noteffective aftersymptoms are present

A h Bi l i l W




Anthrax as a Biological Weapon

bull Deadly if not treated early

bull Spores can be produced in large quantities using basicknowledge of biology

bull Spores may remain viable for years (60 at least)

bull Spores can be spread

ndash Missiles rockets bombs mail crop dusters

bull No cloud or color

bull No smell

bull No taste

bull Antibiotics ndash only effective if administered early (within24 ndash 48 hours)

h 1 lidif




Koch - 1st to use Agar to solidify

culture media

Golden Age of Microbiology




Golden Age of Microbiology 1857 - 1914

bull Pasteur

ndash Pasteurization

ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister

ndash Phenol to treat surgical wounds ndash 1st attempt to control infections

caused by microoganisms

bull Robert Koch ndash Kochrsquos Postulates

bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination

bull Paul Erlich ndash 1st synthetic drug used to treat infections

ndash Salvarsan - arsenic based chemical to treat Syphilis

bull ldquosalvationrdquo from Syphilis




Naming of Bacteria

bull Genus and species - Binomial System of


bull Information usually given

ndash 1 Describes an organism

ndash 2 Identifies a habitat ndash 3 Honors a scientist or researcher




Bacterial Morphology

bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements




ArrangementsStaphylo

Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad

Vibrio (comma shaped)




bull Staphylococcus aureus

bull Staphylococcusepidermidis

bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae

bull Vibrio cholerae

bull Rhodospirillium

rubrumbull Bacillus subtilis

bull Micrococcus luteus


bull Bacillus anthracis

bull Salmonella enteridis

bull Streptococcus pyogenes

bull Steptococcus lactis

bull Streptococcus faecalis

bull Erlichia canis

bull Campylobacter jejuni

bull Helicobacter pylori

bull Enterobacter aerogenes




Microbiology A Human Perspective

bull Microorganisms cannot be seen without the aid of amicroscope

bull There are more than 200000 known microbesbull Exist in virtually any environment that has water

bull Exhibit tremendous biodiversity

bull Compose the largest biomass group of living

organismsbull Microbes exist for more than 35 billion years




bull Food production bread beer

bull Bioremediation decontamination

of hazardous wastesbull Useful products ethanol fuel

antibiotics amino acids

bull Genetic engineeringpharmaceuticals vaccines

bull Genomics genome sequencingpermits understanding of diseasemechanisms

Applications of Microbiology

Medical microbiology




bull Infectious diseases have killedmore people than all wars andnatural disasters combined

bull Outbreaks have changed thecourse of history

bull Vaccines have dramaticallydecreased the incidence of

infectious diseases especiallyin children





bull Re-emergence of ldquoOldrdquo Infectious

Diseases

ndash Cases of whooping cough have increased

in the last few years

ndash Many microbes have evolved antibiotic

resistance

Medical microbiology (cont)

Medical microbiology (cont )




bull Emerging infectious diseases

ndash As humans encroach upon wild habitat new infectious agents (microbes) arediscovered

ndash These agents are typically hosted by animals and are termed zoonotic agents


Agent Host Disease

Ebola virus Bats Ebola hemorrhagic fever

SARS virus Bats Severe acute respiratory syndrome

Sin Nombre virus Deer mouse Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome

Nipah virus Bats Nipah encephalitis

Dengue virus Mosquitos Dengue fever Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Machupo virus Vesper mouse Bolivian hemorrhagic fever

Avian influenza viruses Various birds Influenza

Some recently discovered agents and their animal hosts




Terminologieshellip

bull Bacteriocins ndash Toxins produce by enterobacteria that are lethal to

related strains of bacteria

bull Resident flora ndash Collective vegetation in a given area in one part of the body yet produce infection in another

bull Infection

ndash Is an invasion of body tissue by microbes and theirgrowth




bull Infectious agent

ndash Microbes that cause infection

bull Asymptomaticsubclinical ndash Microbes do not produce clinical evidence of

disease

bull Disease ndash Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

bull Virulence




Virulence ndash Microbersquos ability to produce disease

bull Communicable disease ndash Infectious agents that can be transmitted to an individual by direct

or indirect contact or as airborne infection ndash ex common colds

bull Pathogenicity ndash Ability to produce disease

bull Pathogen ndash Disease causing microbes ndash 3 of known microbes are capable of causing disease

bull Non-pathogens ndash Do not cause disease




Terminologieshellip

bull Opportunistic pathogen ndash Causes disease only in a susceptible individual

bull Asepsis

ndash Freedom from disease-causing microbes

bull Medical asepsis ndash All practices intended to confine a specific

microbes to a specific area limiting the growth

amp transmission of microbes




bull Medical asepsis

ndash Objects are CLEAN (absence of almost all microbes)

bull Surgical asepsissterile technique

ndash Practices that keep an area or object free of allmicrobes

ndash Practices that destroys all microbes amp spores

bull Sepsis

ndash State of infection and can take many forms includingseptic shock



GRADED RECITATION




Microorganisms are said to be

ubiquitous

Can you think of any locations thatwould be devoid of microorganisms




Of all the various areas of microbiology

mentioned in this chapter which

appeal to you the mostWhy




Assume that you are entering a health-related

professionOf what value will knowledge of

microbiology be to you




Many people consider Louis Pasteurrsquos

contributions to be the foundation of the

science of microbiology and a cornerstone

of modern medicine

What contributions did he make that would

cause people to believe that



You have isolated a bacterium from the blood

of a patient with a newly described disease

What steps would you take to prove that the

organism that yoursquove isolated is the cause of

the patientrsquos disease

(Hint Remember Kochrsquos Postulates)




Terminologieshellip

bull Colony

ndash A visible mass of microbial cells arising from one cell or a

group of the same microbes

bull Procaryotes

ndash A cell whose genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear

envelope

bull Eucaryotes ndash Cell having DNA inside a distinct membrane-enclosed nucleus




bull Algae


bull Bacteria




Terminologieshellip






bull Bio - life
































bull 2 Protozoans



ndash Fungi

bull 6 Viruses

bull Bacteriology

bull Protozoology


bull Mycology

bull Virology






bull 1 Animalia

bull 2 Plantae

bull 3 Fungi

bull 4 Protista







bull 1 Cells



environment







bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine














bull Algae


bull Bacteria




Terminologieshellip






bull Bio - life
































bull 2 Protozoans



ndash Fungi

bull 6 Viruses

bull Bacteriology

bull Protozoology


bull Mycology

bull Virology






bull 1 Animalia

bull 2 Plantae

bull 3 Fungi

bull 4 Protista







bull 1 Cells



environment







bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















bull Bio - life
































bull 2 Protozoans



ndash Fungi

bull 6 Viruses

bull Bacteriology

bull Protozoology


bull Mycology

bull Virology






bull 1 Animalia

bull 2 Plantae

bull 3 Fungi

bull 4 Protista







bull 1 Cells



environment







bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine






































bull 2 Protozoans



ndash Fungi

bull 6 Viruses

bull Bacteriology

bull Protozoology


bull Mycology

bull Virology






bull 1 Animalia

bull 2 Plantae

bull 3 Fungi

bull 4 Protista







bull 1 Cells



environment







bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull 1 Animalia

bull 2 Plantae

bull 3 Fungi

bull 4 Protista







bull 1 Cells



environment







bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull 1 Cells



environment







bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Man

bull Animalia


bull Primate

bull Hominidae

bull Homo

bull sapien





bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull Kingdom


bull Order

bull Family

bull Genus

bull species

bull Cat

bull Animalia


bull Carnivora

bull Felidae

bull Felis

bull domestica






ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















ndash Homo sapien










peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















peptidoglycan

ndash 2 Archaea


ndash 3 Eukarya

bull Protista

bull Fungi

bull Plantae

bull Animalia





bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull Diseases

bull Infections

bull Epidemics


diseases
















bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
























bull Penicillin








bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















bull Example E coli


















our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
























our body






insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















insects


ndash caterpillars





8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine














8 Bioremediation


toxic wastes


bull 2 Genera








not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine

















not produce

ndash Insulin


ndash Interferon





the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















the food chain



















Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine




























Microorganisms










bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine

















bull Example



























official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine



































official

bull Hobby























LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
































LOUIS PASTEUR


foundation of































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine







































oxygen









ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine



















ONLY the pathogens
























ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine


































ndash demons

ndash witchcraft

ndash bad luck


ndash evil spirits






bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















bull 1876






disease






K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















K hrsquo P t l t






in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















in pure culture




animal












Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine






















Leprosy











bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine


















bull HIV











adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine





















adverse conditions

A h






ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















ndash Livestock


ndash Humans









abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine

















abrasion


ulcer (1-3 cm) with










diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine

















diarrhea


3 I h l i A h











A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine





















A h Bi l i l W











bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine





















bull No smell

bull No taste


h 1 lidif





culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















culture media






bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull Pasteur


ndash Fermentation

bull Joseph Lister




bull Edward Jenner

ndash vaccination







Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine














Naming of Bacteria










bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















bull Bacilli

bull Cocci

bull Spiral

Arrangements





Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















Strepto

Diplo

Sarcinae

Tetrad







bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine
















bull Streptococcus

pneumoniae











bull Erlichia canis




































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine











































Diseases




resistance










Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine


















Agent Host Disease












Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine














Terminologieshellip




bull Infection








disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine

















disease


bull Virulence













Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine























Terminologieshellip


bull Asepsis













bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine



















bull Sepsis




GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine













GRADED RECITATION





ubiquitous




















of modern medicine















ubiquitous




















of modern medicine





























of modern medicine











Chapter 1 Part 1-Microbial World and You

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Transcript of Chapter 1 Part 1-Microbial World and You