Chapter 1 Notes.notebook€¦ · Chapter 1 Notes.notebook 2 September 11, 2019 Sep 410:29 AM 1.2...

Chapter 1 Notes.notebook

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September 11, 2019

Aug 289:45 AM

FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL INFORMATION

Did you know? Weird or Useless Fact.Supply Cabinetyours to use

keep it clean, organized, and return supplies, glue bottlesExpectations

seating charttalking

No cell phonessharpening pencilbasketball courtemergency waterlate assignments vs. absentsupplies for class

pencils onlynotebookfolder

calculatorbathroomgum/pop/candyNOT FAIR

FoldersSyllabus

Physical Science Syllabus

Physical science is the study of matter and energy. This is a required course for all ninth graders. During this course you will be required to complete daily assignments, projects, quizzes, and tests.

BookEach student will be assigned a book.The books are new and we want to keep them in perfect condition.

Suppliesnotebookpencils – NO PENScalculator folderear buds/headphones for your chromebook

Grading I believe that your grade should not depend on how bright the members of your class are, or how hard they work in the course. I am using my professional judgment to set the standards that must be met; the class itself should not set the standards. Your grade should reflect your performance, no one else’s, with respect to the subject matter in physical science.

*Straight Percentage 95100 = A 7779 = C+ 9094 = A 7476 = C 8789 = B+ 7073 = C 8486 = B 6769 = D+ 8083 = B 6466 = D

6063 = D 59 and under = F

Late AssignmentsI will accept late assignments but at a reduced score.1 Day late = 80% will be the highest grade earned.2 Days late = 70% will be the highest grade earned.3 Days late = 60% will be the highest grade earned.4 Days late = will not be accepted.

Topics Covered in Physical Science

Semester 1Week 1 Lab SafetyWeek 2-3 Metric System

Measurements Week 4-5 Graphing

Computer Graphs Week 6-8 Significant DigitsWeek 9 Atomic TheoryWeek 10-11 Atoms Structure

Electron ConfigurationMolecules

Week 12 CompoundsWeek 13 ElementsWeek 14 Periodic TableWeek 15 Oxidation NumbersWeek 16 BondingWeek 17 Chemical ReactionsWeek 18 Balancing Equations

Semester 2Week 1 MolesWeek 2-3 StoichiometryWeek 4 Speed vs. VelocityWeek 5 AccelerationWeek 6 GravityWeek 7 Free FallWeek 8 Newton‛s Laws of MotionWeek 9 Force/FrictionWeek 10 WorkWeek 11 PowerWeek 12 MachinesWeek 13-14 Energy

TemperatureHeat

Week 15-16 ElectricityWeek 17-18 Waves

SoundLight

Time Schedule Subject to Change Without Warning

Google Classroom

Assign Textbooks

Lab Safety - PowerPoint

http://www.biologyjunction.com/lab%20safety.ppt


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September 11, 2019

Sep 410:29 AM

1.2 Using the Scientific ApproachWhat is the goal of the scientific method?How does a scientific law differ from a scientific theory?

Scientists use the scientific method to establish theory’s and laws.

Goal to solve problems and understand the event

Theorytested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results

Lawstatement that summarizes a pattern found in natureappears as always true

Method1. Purpose/Question

a. What do they want to knowb.Written in question form

2. Researcha. What knowledge is known b. What do you need to find outc. Multiple resources

3. Hypothesisa. A possible solution to your questionb. Based on research and prior knowledgec. Use if and thend. Variables

Manipulated Variable/Independent Variablewhat is changed in the experiment

Responding Variable/Dependent Variablethe results, that changes due to a response

Controlled Experimentall variables are the same except what you

are testing

4. Write your Proceduresa. Create Step by Step Directionsb. Be specific

5. Experimenta. Follow step by step directionsb. Conducting the lab

6. Observe and Record Resultsa. Organize datab. Determine what data is describing from lab

7. Analyze your Resultsa. What is your data telling you

8. Conclusiona. Summary of researchb. Include Data/Resultsc. Accept or reject hypothesis

Thumb wrestling lab


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September 11, 2019

Sep 58:14 AM

Name Wrist Cir Thumb Cir Thumb LenBoys

Girls


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September 11, 2019

Sep 68:32 AM

Name Wrist Cir Thumb Cir Thumb Len


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September 11, 2019

Sep 412:40 PM

1.3 MeasurementWhy is scientific notation useful?What units do scientists use for their measurements?How does the precision of measuremnts affect the precision

of scientific calculations?Scientific Notation

used by scientists to write very large or small numbersmakes numbers easier to work with

Two Parts1. a number between 1 10 and has a lot of numbers

after the decimal = coefficient M2. an exponent (n) determines the number of decimal

spaces you counted 102 = .01101 = .1100 = 1101 = 10102 = 100

Examples0.00286 g = 2.86 x 103 g

5198 m = 5.198 x 103 m

Problems1.When adding/subtracting make sure all exponents are the same.

8.6 x 103 + 2.9 x 102 =86 x 102 + 2.9 x 102 = 88.9 x 102

use appropriate notation = 8.9 x 103

2.When multiplying, multiply the first factors and add the exponents.7.20 x 103 cm X 8.08 103 cm = 58.176 x 106 cmuse appropriate notation = 5.82 x 107 cm

3.When dividing, divide the first factors and subtract the exponents.2.290 x 107 cm ÷ 4.33 x 103 cm = .5288 x 104 cmuse appropriate notation = 5.29 x 103 cm

You try page 15 Math Practice

1. Perform the following calculations. Express your answers in scientific notation.

a. 7.6 x 104 m x 1.5 x 107 m = ????

7.6 x 1.5 (104 + 7) (m x m) = 11 x 103 m2 = 1.1 x 104 m2

b. 0.00053 / 29 = ????

5.3 x 104 m / 2.9 x 101 m =

(5.3/2.9) x (1041) = 1.8 x 105 2. Calculate how far light travels in 8.64 x104 seconds. The speed of light is about 3.0 x 108 m/s.

3.0 x 108 m/s x 8.64 x 104 s = m x s s

(3.0 x 8.64) (108 + 4) m =

26 x 1012 = 2.6 x 1013 m


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September 11, 2019

Jan 192:28 PM

Measurement

SI : International System of UnitsNot IS because it is French: Le Systeme International D’Unites

Expressed in multiples of 10

Some things to Remember when converting any type of measures:

To convert from a larger to smaller metric unit you always multiply

To convert from a smaller to larger unit you always divide

The latin prefixes used in the metric system literally mean the number they represent.

Example: 1 kilogram = 1000 grams

A kilo is 1000 of something just like a dozen is 12 of something.

This is the metric conversion stair chart. You basically take a place value chartturn it sideways and expand it so it looks like stairs. The Latin prefixes literallymean the number indicated. Meter, liter or gram can be used interchangeably.

Kangaroos Hop Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate Milk

For every step upward on the chart you are dividing by 10 or moving the decimalone place to the left..

Example: To convert 1000 milligrams to grams you are moving upward on the stairs:

Pretend you are standing on the milligram stair tread and to get to the 1gram stair tread you move up 3 steps dividing by 10 each time.

1000/10 = 100 100/10 = 10 10/10 = 1 or 1000/1000 = 1

or use the shortcut and just move the decimal place one place to the left with each step 1000 milligrams = 1 gram.

When you move down the stairs you are multiplying by 10 for each step. So you are adding a zero to your original number and moving the decimal one place to the right with each step.

Example:To convert 2 kilometers to meters you move 3 steps down on the chart so you add 3 zeros to the 2.

2 km = 2000 m


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September 11, 2019

Jan 193:08 PM

Practice Problems

Change to

1. 0.293 km__________________m2. 5.6 dam __________________cm3. 78 cm __________________hm4. 10,987 mg__________________kg5. .09 hm __________________dm6. 45.7 mL__________________daL7. 1.9 kg __________________dg8. 34.6 kL__________________mL9. .0009 g__________________hg10. 4678 cm__________________km11. 85.9 hm__________________mm12. .0908 mm__________________dam13. 78.34 dam__________________dm14. 54.2309 cg__________________g15. 87.09 hL__________________cL


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September 11, 2019

Jan 209:47 AM

MeasurementMillimeter

LengthSI unit = meter (m)

Centimeter

Mass Amount of matter in an objectSI unit = kilogram (kg)Use a Balance to measure mass

Measurement Pan Beams

Sliding MassesZero MarZero/

Tara Knob

PointerPPointer

Pointer (at Zero)

Left Measuring Pan Scale Right Measuring Pan

RidersMoving Masses

Beams Adjustment Knob

How do you use a balance?Make sure the balance is zeroed out.Put object on Pan.Move 100 g slider first. Put in notch.Move 10 g slider. Put in notch.Move 1 g slider until pointer is at zero.Add all 3 weights.Label with a "g" for grams.

VolumeAmount of space an object occupiesSI unit = cubic Liters (L) = liquid cubic meter (m 3) = solidmeniscus the curved upper surface of the liquid 1 mL = 1 cm3

DensityAmount of matter in a given volume

D = m = g V cm3

WeightAmount of gravitational force on an objectSI = newtons (N)Spring scales used to measure weight1 N= 100 g

TemperatureMeasure of how fast molecules are movingSI = Kelvin (K)

TF = 9 TC + 32.0 5

TC = 5(TF 32.0) 9

TK = TC + 273.15


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September 11, 2019

Jan 209:52 AM

Significant Figures

Precision how exact a measurement is

Accuracyhow close of a measurement to the exact measurement

Significant Figures*all digits that are known for certainty* indicate the uncertainty of a measurement

1. All nonzero digits are significant.83.591 m 5 significant figures

2. All zeros between two nonzero digits are significant.5007 L4 significant figures10.0005 g 6 significant figures

3. Zeros to the right of a nonzero digit, but to the left of the decimal point, are not significant unless specifically indicated as significant by a bar placed above the rightmost such zero that is significant.

1,000,000 g1 significant figure

200,800 km4 significant figures __

200,800 km5 significant figures _

200,800 km6 significant figures

4. All zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the left of a nonzero digit are NOT significant. A lone zero to left of a decimal point is NEVER significant.

0.00012 g 2 significant figures0.0853 m 3 significant figures

5. All zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the right

of a nonzero digit are significant. 40.00 g 4 significant figures 0.005070 kg 4 significant figures

Number S.D. Rule

Practice 1. 21.589 m ___ ____

Practice 2. 28005 km ___ ____

Practice 3. 0.00025 kg ___ ____

Practice 4. 23,000 L ___ ____

Practice 5. 80.0 cm ___ ____

http://science.widener.edu/svb/tutorial/sigfigurescsn7.html

Accuracy and Precision.pdf

http://science.widener.edu/svb/tutorial/sigfigurescsn7.html


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September 11, 2019

Feb 310:05 AM

Practice Problems

1. 1.004 ___

2. 1.00 ___

3. 763.01 ___

4. .06432 ___

5. 64,320 ___

6. .0462010 ___

7. 2,980 ___

8. .01 ___

9. 1001 ___

10. 68,009.0120 ___


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September 11, 2019

Jan 209:57 AM

Name__________________

Indicate the # of significant digits and determine which rule applies to each problem.

# of S.D___1. 3.01___2. 10.0___3. .06___4 .00070100___5. 1000___6. 600___7. .0020___8. 10.00010___9. 1003.0___10. .000601___11. 301.0010___12. 81,601,900___13. 0.101___14. 70.010___15. 00.00305___16. 9,800,304,011,100___17. .000010001000___18. 310.00___19. 200___20. 67.987


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September 11, 2019

Feb 310:02 AM

Rules in calculating using Significant Figures

Given that Addition and Subtraction take place in columns, round the final answer to the first column from the left containing an estimated digit.An answer cannot have more digits to the right of a decimal point than thereare in the measurement with the smallest number of digits to the right of the decimal.

1234.567 m +98.67 m 1333.237 m

1333.237 m is the exact answer, to write it with the correct amount of significant figures, look at the number with the least amount of sf.

1234.567 m So the correct answer is 1333.24 m +98.67 m 1333.237 m

Same thing is true when subtracting.

In multiplication and division, the answer cannot be more digits than the leastamount of significant digits in the problem.

45.625 5 sfx 1.23789 6 sf 56.47873125

So the correct answer is 56.479

Same thing is true when dividing.


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September 11, 2019

Feb 310:26 AM

1) 334.54 grams + 198 grams = ___________________

2) 34.1 grams / 1.1 mL = ___________________

3) 2.11 x 103 joules / 34 seconds = ___________________

4) 0.0010 meters – 0.11 m = ___________________

5) 349 cm + 1.10 cm + 100 cm = ___________________

6) 450 meters / 114 seconds = ___________________

7) 298.01 kilograms + 34.112 kilograms = ___________________

8) 84 m/s x 31.221 s = ___________________


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September 11, 2019

Jan 209:55 AM

Name _______________________

Physical SciencePractice Significant Digits/Figures

Perform the following calculations, and express the result in the correct units and number of significant figures.

1. 47.0 m ÷ 2.2 s2. 140 cm X 35 cm 3. 5.88 kg ÷ 200 m34. 0.0050 m2 X 0.042 m5. 300.3 L ÷ 180. s

6. 164 mL + 39.7 mL + 18.16 mL7. 22.0 m + 5.28 m + 15.5 m8. 0.042 kg + 1.229 kg + 0.502 kg9. 3200 mg + 325 mg 688 mg10. 312 dL 31.2 dL 3.12 dL

11.5,487,129 m to three significant figures12.0.013479265 mL to six significant figures13.225, 834.762 cm to seven significant figures

14.A rectangle measures 87.59 cm by 35.1 cm. Express its area with the proper number of significant figures.


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September 11, 2019

Feb 188:50 AM

Formula's

Rectangle or SquareVolume = l x w x h m3Area = l x w m2Perimeter = 2(l + w) m

TriangleArea = base x height m2 2CircleArea = πr2 m2Circumference = 2πr m

SphereVolume = 4πr3 m3 3

Area = 4πr2 m2

CylinderVolume = πr2h m3Area = 2πrh +2πr2 m2

Cone Volume = πr2h m3 3Area = πr2 + πrs m2

PyramidVolume = base x height m3 3 Base = area of the base

Area = bh(4) + area of base m2 2


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September 11, 2019

Oct 89:57 AM

What is the volume and area of this cone?

What is the volume and area of this pyramid?

What is the volume and area of this pop can?


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September 11, 2019

Feb 259:58 AM

1387 cm km

436 dam dm

46782 mg kg

543 hL mL

25 L hL

A =

V =

A =

V =

A =

V =

A =

V =

A =


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September 11, 2019

Nov 19:23 AM


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September 11, 2019

Jan 193:07 PM

Practice Problems: 1.) 3 meters = ______ centimeters

300 centimeters, you walked 2 steps down thereby multiplying by 100 or just add 2 zeros to the original number

2.) 40 liters = ______ decaliters

4 decaliters, you walked up one step thereby dividing by 10, or move your decimal place one place to the left.

3.) 600 milligrams = _______ grams

0.6 grams, you walked up 3 steps thereby dividing by 1000, or move your decimal 3 places to the left.

4.) 5 kilometers = __________ hectometers

50 hectometers

5.) 70 centimeters = _________ meters

6.) 900 deciliters= _______ decaliters

7.) A pet python measured 600 cm long. How many meters long was the snake?

8.) Faith weighed 5 kilograms at birth. How many grams did she weigh?

9.) Jessica drank 4 Liters of tea today. How many deciliters did she drink?

Answers5. 0.7 meters 6. 9 decaliters7. 6 meters long8. 5000 grams 9. 40 deciliters

Attachments

Accuracy and Precision.pdf

SMART Notebook

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