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MORE ABOUT SOFTWAREC H A P T E R 1

TOPICS COVEREDTypes of Software | Popular OS Softwares | Uses of Application Software

Application Suite

You learnt about software and its types in your previous class. In this chapter, you will learn about some popular OS and application softwares.

TYPES OF SOFTWARESoftware can be broadly classified into two types:• System Software• Application Software

SYSTEM SOFTWAREThe system software directly “talks” to the hardware and gets the job done. It provides an interface between the hardware and other types of software.Operating system is one of the most used system software. It instructs the hardware to perform calculations in machine or binary language. The software

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translates the input data into binary language for the hardware to process it. It then translates the result back to a language that the user understands(like English, Hindi, French, etc.)

Thus, OS software can be called a “translator” which helps application software talk to hardware. It also manages the available resources like CPU, memory, keyboard, mouse, etc.

Some of the most popular OS software for computers are Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS, BeOS, DOS, etc. Let us study about them.

POPULAR OS SOFTWARES

DOSDOS stands for Disk Operating System. DOS, before the advent of Windows, was the most commonly used operating system on PCs. It used a command-driven interface. Whenever you wanted the computer to do something, you had to type in a command. As there were no visual cues on the screen, you had to either memorise all the commands or look them up in a book as needed. It is no longer in use now and has become obsolete.

UnixUnix was created to provide a multi-user, multitasking platform for programmers. Unix provides simple yet powerful utilities that could be combined together in a flexible manner to perform a wide variety of tasks. It is an extremely powerful, stable and safe operating system. It is run on large and powerful computers called servers, workstations, mainframe computers and

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supercomputers, etc. Unix is used in weather prediction, national defence, robotics and automated industrial systems applications. Today, Unix has about 85 variants (like the FreeBSD, IRIX, HP-UX, AIX, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, Solaris, Linux, etc.) available in the market.

Multi-user is a term that defines an operating system or application software that allows multiple users working on a computer simultaneously.Multitasking is the method which makes the CPU do multiple tasks at the same time. These tasks are known as processes.

E X T R A I N F O : M U L T I - U S E R / M U L T I T A S K I N G

LinuxLinux is a version of Unix operating system that has become very popular over the last several years. It was designed to provide PC users a free or very low-cost operating system. Linux is a stable and reliable operating system used by companies like Amazon, the well-known online shopping site, US Post Office, the German army, etc. to run their websites and other operations. Large number of Linux machines (working in sync called clusters) are used in the creation of movies such as “Titanic”, “Shrek” and others. Linux is also used in PDAs, mobiles, game-consoles and even in wrist watches. It also has multiple variants like Red Hat, Mandriva, etc. available in the market.

AndroidIt is the most popular operating system for mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers.

Mac OSMac OS is the primary operating system of Apple Computer’s line of PCs. Mac OS was the first user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) released for PCs. It requires single-button

Linux

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mouse, and is extremely easy to learn and use. The latest version of Mac OS is OS X Yosemite (Version 10.10).

Earlier the user had to memorise and type commands in order to work on the computer (e.g. DOS and Unix etc). It was known as Command Line Interface (CLI). Later Graphical User Interface (GUI) was invented which consisted of graphical elements such as windows, menus, radio buttons, check boxes and icons. In order to work on a GUI the user needs a pointing device (such as mouse) in addition to a keyboard.

E X T R A I N F O : C L I A N D G U I

WindowsMicrosoft Windows is the operating system developed and marketed by Microsoft. It was first introduced as an add-on to DOS. Windows too is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) based operating system. Although Microsoft Windows came much later than Apple’s Mac OS, Windows is used by maximum users in the whole world in the PC market.

APPLICATION SOFTWAREAn application software is a program which you can use to perform a task where user can feed input and get the output. It interacts directly with the user to take the input and show the processed output (or results). The application software rides over the operating system software to control the hardware to do all the processing and manipulation of data.

To use any operating system software and application software you need to first install it. This process of putting the software in computer is called installation. Installation has to be performed under the supervision of a teacher or a software engineer.

E X T R A I N F O : S O F T W A R E I N S T A L L A T I O N

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TYPES AND USES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE1. Embedded software is used in cars

and home security systems, audio/video players, microwave oven, washing machines, mobile phones, PDAs, etc.

2. Word processors, database and Spreadsheets are used to create, manage and store information like MS-Word, MS-Excel and MS-Access.

3. Application software like media players and games are used for digital entertainment like Winamp, JetAudio, Windows Media Player, etc.

4. Education software is used to train and educate students e.g. Encarta, Britannica. They are also used to test, evaluate and produce results. These systems are called Learning Management Systems (LMS).

5. Simulation building software is used for research, training or entertainment purposes. Examples are 3DS Max, Maya, Catia, PTC Creo, etc.

6. Desktop Publishing software is used in electronic printing of graphics in art and used in designing and printing books, magazines, newspapers, etc. Examples are Adobe Photoshop, CorelDraw, and Adobe Indesign, Adobe Illustrator, QuarkXPress, Adobe FrameMaker, etc.

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7. Multimedia authoring software is used to develop multimedia content for websites, digital animation, audio and video, etc. Examples are Adobe Director, Adobe Flash, Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Premiere, etc.

Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, and interactivity in contrast to traditional forms of printed material (like books, magazines and newspapers). The process of creating this form of content is called Multimedia Authoring.

E X T R A I N F O : M U L T I M E D I A A U T H O R I N G

APPLICATION SUITEMultiple applications bundled together as a package are sometimes referred to as an application suite. Microsoft Office which bundles together a word processor, a spreadsheet and several other applications is a typical example of an application suite.

• Application software is used to do a task where the user can feed an input and get the output.

• Operating system software is a “translator” which helps the application software talk to the computer hardware.

• You need to memorise all the commands in DOS.• Unix is a multi-user, multitasking system which is very stable, secure and

powerful.• Linux is a version of Unix and is also used in PDAs, mobiles, game-consoles and

even in wrist watches.• Windows and Mac OS both are GUI-based OS.

P O I N T S T O R E M E M B E R

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PRACTICE TEST1A. Match the following:

1. Embedded Software a. Adobe Flash2. Word Processors b. PDAs3. Media Players c. Britannica4. Education Software d. Winamp5. Simulation Software e. Adobe Indesign6. Desktop Publishing Software f. 3DS Max7. Multimedia Authoring Software g. Microsoft Word

B. Write (T) for True or (F) for False:1. CD/ DVD players use embedded software.

2. Database and spreadsheets cannot store and manage information.

3. Games are used for digital entertainment.

4. Education software is used in education and for evaluations (tests).

5. Simulation software is used only for entertainment purpose.

6. DOS is no longer in use now and has become obsolete.

7. Unix is an extremely powerful, stable and safe operating system.

8. Linux is an unstable and unreliable operating system.

9. Mac OS is a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI).

10. Windows uses a command-driven interface.

C. Fill in the blanks with the help of clue words:

Embedded UNIX Mac OS Application Suite DOS1. .............................. uses a command-driven interface.2. Software used in PDA, wrist watches, mobile phones is called .............. software.3. Linux is a version of .............................. .4. .................. is the primary operating system of Apple Computer’s line of PCs .5. Multiple applications software bundled together is called .............................. .

Explain to students the basic difference between the different types of operating systems available in the market. Demonstrate the practical usage of different application software to them.

G R O U P A C T I V I T Y

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PRACTICE TEST2A. Definethefollowing:

1. Application Software 2. System Software 3. Application Suite

B. Write full forms:1. DOS 2. GUI 3. OS

C. Write at least three application areas for the following:1. Unix 2. Windows

D. Write short notes on any two popular operating systems.

E. Out of the four options given below, tick () the correct option.

1. Operating system software works as a .................... which helps application software talk to the hardware.a. Interpreter b. Compilerc. Translator d. None of these

2. ............... was very popular software but it is completely obsolete now.a. Windows b. DOSc. Linux d. Unix

3. DOS stands for a. Disk On System b. Disk Operating Systemc. Disk Open System d. Dirty Operating System

4. Unix has the following featuresa. Multi-user system b. Multitasking systemc. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of these

5. Which of the following is not a variant of Unix ?a. FreeBSD b. SunOSc. ISO d. Linux

6. ......................... is a version of Unix operating system that has become very popular over the last several years.a. IRIX b. HP-UXc. AIX d. Linux

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7. Linux is also used in a. PDA’s b. Mobiles and game-consolesc. Wrist watches d. All of the above

8. is a logo ofa. Windows 8.1 b. Windows Vistac. Windows 7 d. Windows XP

9. ............................ rides over operating system software to control hardware to do all the processing and manipulation of data.a. System software b. Application softwarec. MS Paint d. None of these

10. Embedded software is used in a. Car and home security systems b. Audio/video playersc. Microwave oven and mobile phones d. All of the above

11. Find out the odd one.a. MS-Word b. WordPadc. Notepad d. Microsoft DOS

12. Identify the operating system by the given image.a. Android b. Windowsc. Linux d. Unix

13. DOS was known as a. GUI b. CLIc. LIC d. MAC

14. Windows and Mac operating system area. CLI based software b. GUI based softwarec. Application software d. None of these

15. SCO OpenServer is the variant of a. Mac b. Androidc. DOS d. Unix

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WORKING WITH WINDOWSC H A P T E R 2

TOPICS COVEREDUnderstanding This PC, files, folders and drives | Using File Explorer |

Arranging Windows | Working with Icons

In the previous class, you have already learnt the basic operations like starting and turning off the computer, desktop, taskbar, start button, etc. In this chapter, you will learn about the icons on the desktop and about drives and folders.

This PC You have seen the icon for “This PC” on the desktop. This PC is one of the most commonly used tool for file and folder management in Windows. It represents all the drives on your system. After you open this window, you can open any of your drives to see the folders and files contained in those drives.

OPENING This PCTo open “This PC” and its content, go to charms bar and in search charm, type “This PC” and press Enter. You can also double-click “This PC” icon

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on the desktop to open it. This opens “This PC” window where you see icons representing drives, folders and files.

FileData or information is stored in the computer in the form of files. File is organized data or information saved in the computer memory.

FolderThe files created in the computer are stored in a folder. A folder can be moved, copied or renamed according to the file it contains. Folders are used to properly organize files for easy retrieval. These files and folders are saved on the drives in the computer.

Drive(s)Drives are the hardware components where the data (files and folders) is stored permanently, e.g. hard disk drive, floppy, CD / DVD drive, pen drive, etc. Drives are identified by alphabetical letters or [A:, B:, C:, D:, E:]. They represent actual physical drives attached in the system or logical partitions.

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A physical drive is the actual hardware component attached to the computer.

You can divide the capacity of a large hard disk drive into smaller partitions. These small partitions are called logical drives. There are many advantages of dividing the hard drive into small manageable partitions. E.g. you have one 120 GB hard drive on your computer. The physical drive capacity is 120 GB. You can divide this physical drive into two partitions (60+60) GB or (80+40) GB or logical drives. You can store OS and applications in one drive and your data files in the other. This way you can organize the OS, programs and data well and a virus attack or a system crash may not disturb your data partition.

You can divide the physical drives into multiple (2-3) partitions. The process of creating these partitions is called partitioning. You can use the “disk management” utility provided in Windows 8.1 to create partitions.

E X T R A I N F O : P A R T I T I O N I N G

Partitioning, formatting and OS installation are crucial processes. One wrong setting and you can crash your system completely and make it completely unusable. So these are best left for your computer teacher or software engineer.

W A R N I N G

Understanding File Explorer File Explorer, previously known as Windows Explorer, is a file manager application that lets you view, open, copy, move and manage your files and folders.

Ways to open File ExplorerThere are three ways to open File Explorer :1. Go to Search charm and type “File explorer” and hit enter.2. If it is pinned to taskbar then click on it.3. Double click on “This PC” icon on the desktop.

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OPENING DRIVES AND FOLDERSThe icons for file, folder and drives are different. Each page icon represents a file or a document. Each folder icon represents a folder on your hard drive. You can create folders within folders to organize the contents on your hard drive. To open a folder, double-click on its icon. You can continue opening folders until you see the file or folder you want to work with. To close a window, click on the Close button.

Interface of File Explorer

1. Navigation pane : The left most pane is called as navigation pane. It is used to browse different locations on your PC. This pane is also used to navigate between folders and drives.

2. Navigation buttons : The four buttons Back, Forward, Recent locations and Up can be used to quickly move between locations.

Back : Go back to the last location. Forward : Returns to next location.

Up : It opens the location where the folder you are viewing is saved. Recent locations : It gives a list of locations you have recently visited,

clicking on any of the listed location takes you back to that location.3. Ribbon : We can use ribbon to perform common tasks such as copying

and moving the folders, creating new folders and to open the selected file. All these options are available in Home tab of ribbon. We can also change the layout of the files in View tab of the ribbon.

4. Address bar : It shows the path or address of currently selected file/folder.5. Search box : This is used to search/find an item in the current folder. The

search begins as soon as you begin typing. For example, if you enter “g”, all the files with names starting with the letter “g” or that contains the letter “g” will appear in the list.

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6. Details/Preview Pane : The right pane of the file explorer window is used to see the contents or common properties of a file depending upon whether Preview pane is selected or Details pane is selected.

Details Pane : It provides more detailed information about a file such as the author, the date you last changed the file, etc.

Preview Pane : You can use the preview pane to see the contents of a file such as an office document, without opening it in an application to which the file belongs to.

You can toggle between Details and Preview pane. Just go to View tab and in Panes group select the pane you want to see.

Arranging the WindowsWhen you have more than one windows open, you may need to arrange them on the desktop. You might copy data from one document or program to another. You might also open several windows when you are doing file maintenance such as copying or moving a file. In any case, you can move the windows around the desktop by dragging or Windows 8.1 can arrange the windows for you.

The steps to move a window are :1. Put the mouse pointer on the title bar.2. Click and drag the window to the location you want. The window is then

moved.

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Telling Windows 8.1 to arrange the windows:1. Right-click the blank area of the Taskbar to

display the context menu.2. Click one of the following commands for

arranging the windows• Click on Cascade windows to arrange the

windows in a waterfall style, layered on top of each other from the upper-left corner down.

• Click on Show windows stacked to make all the windows the same size and place them horizontally next to each other.

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• Click Show windows side by side to make all the windows the same size, and place them vertically one after the other.

WORKING WITH ICONS

Renaming Icons• Right-click on the icon. The context menu opens.• Select Rename from the context menu.• Erase old name using backspace or Del key.• Type the new name for the icon and press Enter.

Moving Icons• Select the icon by clicking the left mouse button.• While keeping the left mouse button pressed, drag the icon to a new

location on the desktop.

Deleting Icons• Right-click on the icon (you want to delete) to open

the context menu.• Select Delete from the context menu. Or• Select the icon by pressing the left mouse button.• Press Del key from the keyboard.

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Sorting Icons

• Right-click on the desktop.• Select the “Sort by” option from the

context menu.• Select any one option from available

options : Name, Item type, Size and Date modified.

So now you know that files, folders and programs can be renamed, moved, deleted, sorted, etc.

• Data or information is stored in computer in the form of files.• A folder stores the files created in the computer. Folders are used to maintain

proper hierarchy of files for easy retrieval.• Drives are identified by alphabetical letters or [A:, B:, C:, D:, E:]• You can arrange windows as cascade, stacked and side by side.• You can arrange, delete, rename and move files, folders and icons.

P O I N T S T O R E M E M B E R

PRACTICE TEST1A. Fill in the blanks with the help of clue words:

View File Dragging This PC Home

1. ............................. displays icons for each of the drives on your computer.

2. ............................. is organized data or information saved in computer memory.

3. Click the ............................. tab of the ribbon of File Explorer to turn on Preview/Details Pane.

4. Commands related to working with the selected item like Move to, Copy to Rename, etc are displayed in ........................... tab of the Ribbon of File Explorer.

5. You can move the windows around the desktop by ............................. .

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B. Match the following:

1. Word File a.

2. Folder b.

3. Hard Disk c.

4. Floppy drive d.

5. CD drive e.

6. Recycle Bin f.

• Give practical sessions to students to make them understand files, folders and drives.

• Explain to them the advantages of dividing their computer hard disk space in partitions.

G R O U P A C T I V I T Y

PRACTICE TEST2A. Write the steps to arrange the windows in following ways:

1. Cascade2. Stacked3. Side by side

B. Write the steps to perform the following operations on icons:1. Rename Icon2. Move Icon3. Delete Icon4. Arrange Icons

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C. Out of the four options given below, tick () the correct option.

1. ................... represents all the drives on your system.a. Documents b. This PCc. Recycle Bin d. None of these

2. Data or information is stored in computer in the form of a. Messages b. Stringsc. Files d. Information

3. A.........................storesthefilescreatedincomputer.a. Data b. Folderc. Packet d. Window

4. Drivesareidentifiedbya. Alphabets b. Numbersc. Names d. None of these

5. You can divide the capacity of a large hard disk drive into smaller partitions. These small partitions are called a. Physical drives b. Logical drivesc. External drives d. Internal drives

6. The process of creating partitions on drives is called a. Formatting b. Partitioningc. Defragmentation d. Disk Cleanup

7. Whichofthefollowingisthefirststeptorenameaniconondesktop?a. Erase old name using backspace key b. Right-click on the iconc. Type the new name for the icon d. Press Enter key

8. Each icon represents a a. Folder b. Document (file)c. Window d. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

9. ......................... are the hardware components where the data is stored permanently. a. Drives b. Filec. Folder d. Document

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10. You can arrange the multiple windows in following ways.a. Cascade b. Stackedc. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of these

11. Icons on desktop can be arranged according toa. Name b. File sizec. Date modified d. All of the above

12. The .................. provides information like size, title and authors of the file.a. Details Pane b. Preview Panec. Navigation Pane d. None of these

13. File Explorer was previously known asa. Internet Explorer b. Windows Explorerc. File Navigator d. Windows Navigator

14. .................. arrange the windows in waterfall style.a. Cascade windows b. Show windows stackedc. Show windows side by side d. Show the desktop

15.Whichofthefollowingisnotanavigationbutton?a. Back b. Forwardc. Move d. Recent locations

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WORKING WITH FILESAND FOLDERS

C H A P T E R 3

TOPICS COVEREDUnderstanding file names and extensions | Organizing folders |

Creating, copying, deleting, moving and restoring folders

When we work on the computer, we can complete the task and save the work for later reference. This saved work can later be used for printing the document, e-mailing to a friend, submitting to the teacher, etc. When the task is not complete we still can save it to complete it later. Whenever we save our work, it is saved in files. These files are created by the program application we are working in, e.g. Paint, WordPad, etc.

You can save file by going to File tab and then clicking over the Save Option. The program shall ask for the File name. Provide a “good” file name for saving time and frustration later. The file name shall also be asked when you use ‘Save as’ option in File menu.

E X T R A I N F O : S A V I N G F I L E S

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Like every person has a name and a surname, in the same way, every file has a name and a surname too. The surname of the file is known as file extension.The extension can be 3-4 letters long. These are created automatically by the program which creates the file e.g. Paint creates PNG files by default, Notepad creates TXT files, WordPad creates RTF files.

Earlier paint supported only bitmap files. But now paint support five file formats, that are PNG, TIFF, GIF, JPEG and BMP.

E X T R A I N F O : P A I N T F I L E E X T E N S I O N S

The name of the person is used to identify the person and the surname is used to identify the family. In the same way, when you look at the file extension, you shall know which program was used to create this file.

Name Surname Filename.Extension Hardik Sharma greeting card.png Vani Bajaj address list.xlsx

The filename and its extension are separated by a dot (.). The left part of the name (before the dot) identifies the file name and the right part of the name (after the dot) is known as the file extension.

Let us see the examples of a few files to understand this. File Filename Extension Program used Weekend report.docx Weekend report docx MS-Word Greetings.png Greetings png MS-Paint Address list.xlsx Address list xlsx MS-Excel Maths Assignment.pptx Maths Assignment pptx MS-PowerPoint

FILE NAMINGWe have to give a name to every file we save. Imagine giving names like these, as shown:

What can you say about these files?

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While looking at the extensions it is clear that the PNG files have been created in Paint and DOCX files have been created in Microsoft Word 2007 and later version and XLSX files in Microsoft Excel 2007 and later versions. When you look at the file names you cannot understand anything about the content these files may be carrying. All you can understand is that these files may have been created by a user ‘Akhil’ or could have been created by Akhil’s friend, brother or sister for Akhil.

After about a month, if Akhil “himself ” has to find the file in which he created a greeting card, it would be extremely difficult for him to remember all the file names and the content these files have. He will have to open all PNG files one by one and look for the file he wants. He may be lucky if the first file he opens is the file he is looking for. But what if there are 20, 50 or 100 files? It shall be a major problem looking through each file and then eventually finding the right file.

In order to make sense and save time, you should name the files which can relate to the content of the file. You save a file only because you need it in future. Name it intelligently so that just by glancing at the files you can understand the context or the content of the file. Look at this list of files:

Greetingcard

i card Smiley Poem Addresslist

ScienceProject

If there are multiple variations within the same context or similar content then you can use year, date or time in the file name. This shall be extremely useful when you actually need those files in future.

E.g. greeting card new year 2013.png summer vacation science project or July-13.docx

You can have upto 255 characters in the file name. However, you cannot use the following characters in the file name: \ /: *? “ < > |.

T I P

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FOLDERS We save our work in the form of files. We may have multiple files that share similar context. We use folders to organize our files. A folder is like a shelf on a book rack. As we place books on same topic or subject on a shelf, in the same way, we use folder to organize files which have similar context. Take a look at the file list shown here:

We can create folders and move our files in them to organize them better. We can also create folders in folders. We shall also name our folder which reflects the context or content of files in it. In the file listing above, we can organize them like this.

{ {

{Although the names of folders can be upto 255 characters long like file names, but unlike file names, folders do not have extensions.

N O T E

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Now we shall learn about how to create folders.

Activity 1: Creating Folders

Step 1: Right-click where you wish to create the folder e.g. Desktop or Documents. The context menu opens.

Step 2: Select New > Folder from context menu.

Step 3: A folder appears with the name highlighted.

Step 4: Type the name for the folder and press Enter.

Activity 2: Copying Files and Folders

Step 1: Right-click on the file or folder you want to copy, to open the context menu.

Step 2: Click over ‘Copy’ option from the context menu.

Step 3: Go to the destination location where you want to copy.

Step 4: Right-click the mouse button and click on ‘Paste’.

The file or folder will be copied to the new location.

3 4

1 2

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Alternatively, you can use keyboard shortcuts to copy and paste text by using Ctrl+C keys for copying and Ctrl+V keys for pasting.

T I P

In Windows, the content (text, graphics, etc.), files and folders that you copy (Ctrl+C) or cut (Ctrl + X) from source location, go to an intermediate location called Clipboard. When you paste (Ctrl+V) them on the destination location, the operating system transfers the content from the clipboard to the destination location.

E X T R A I N F O : C L I P B O A R D

Activity 3: Moving Files and Folder

Step 1: Right click on the file or folder you want to move, to open the context menu.

Step 2: Click on ‘Cut’ option from the context menu.

Step 3: Go to the destination location where you want to move the file.

Step 4: Right click the mouse button and click Paste.

Step 5: The file/folder shall be moved to new location.

Activity 4: Drag and Drop

Step 1: Select the icon or folder by clicking left mouse button.

Step 2: While keeping the left button pressed, drag the icon to the destination location.

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Deleting and Un-deleting Files and Folders When you keep-on creating files and folders, eventually your computer hard disk will become full of files, and you’ll have a hard time organizing and storing them all. You can delete any file you no longer need. You can also delete entire folders. When you delete a folder, the folder, its sub-folders and all their content are moved to the Recycle Bin.

Windows doesn’t really delete a file or folder; instead, it moves it to the Recycle Bin. If you have deleted it by mistake, Windows offers you a chance to recover. If needed, you can retrieve the file or folder from the Recycle Bin.

Activity 5: Deleting a File or FolderFollow these steps to delete a file or folder:

Step 1: Select the file or folder from File Explorer that you want to delete.

Step 2: In Home tab of ribbon, click “Delete”. Windows display a dialog box, prompting you to confirm this action. Click “Yes” to delete.

Step 3: Windows removes the file or folder, and places it in the Recycle Bin.You can also press the Delete key to delete a selected file or folder. As another option, right-click the selected file or folder and then select Delete from the context menu.

Recycle Bin

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UNDELETING A FILE OR FOLDERSometimes, one can delete a file or folder by mistake. If you made a mistake, you can recover the deleted file or folder from the Recycle Bin (as long as the Recycle Bin has not been emptied) and return the file or folder to its original location.

Activity 6: Restoring a File or Folder

Step 1: Double-click the Recycle Bin icon on your desktop. You’ll see the contents of the Recycle Bin, including any folders, icons, or files you have deleted.

Step 2: Select the file or folder you want to undelete.

Step 3: Click “Restore the selected items” on the ribbon. The file or folder is then moved from the Recycle Bin back to its original location.

Step 4: Click the Close button to close the Recycle Bin.

Emptying the Recycle BinThe content of Recycle Bin also takes up disk space, so you should regularly empty it. The icon changes if it does not contain any file folder i.e., it is empty, so you can tell by looking at it, whether it is empty or not. You can permanently delete the contents by emptying the Recycle Bin. However, be sure that it doesn’t contain any items you need.

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If you are sure the Recycle Bin doesn’t contain anything you need, you can also right-click the Recycle Bin icon on the Desktop and then select the Empty Recycle Bin command from the context menu.

If you want to delete a file permanently, so that it doesn’t move to Recycle Bin then press shift key and then delete the file from the context menu.

T I P

Activity 7: Emptying the Recycle Bin

Step 1: Double-click the Recycle Bin icon.

Step 2: Check the contents of the Recycle Bin and undelete any files or folders you need.

Step 3: Click “Empty Recycle Bin” on the Ribbon. Windows displays “Delete Multiple Items” dialog box, prompting you to confirm this action.

Step 4: Click “Yes” to empty the Recycle Bin.

When you empty Recycle Bin the files/folder shall no longer be accessible and shall be lost forever. So you have to be very careful when you empty recycle bin.

W A R N I N G

• Use names which reflect the context or contents of the file or folder.• File extensions are like surnames, used to identify the program in which the file

was created.• When you delete a folder, the folder and all its contents are moved to the Recycle

Bin.• If needed, you can retrieve the file or folder from the Recycle Bin. • The contents of the Recycle Bin take up disk space, so you should regularly empty

it.• You can also press the Delete key to delete a selected file or folder.

P O I N T S T O R E M E M B E R

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PRACTICE TEST1A. Writethenumberoffileinthecorrectfoldertoshowwhichfilebelongs

where. One is done for you.

1. greetings.png

2. chocolate.png

3. scenery.png

4. dog.png

5. address list.xlsx

6. wedding relatives list.xlsx

7. friends list.xlsx

8. physics.docx

9. experiment.docx

10. chemistry.docx

B. Fill in the blanks with the help of clue words:

3-4 XLSX Recycle Bin 255 DOCX Clipboard

1. A file name can be ................................ characters long while its extension can be .......... characters long.

2. ............................ is the extension for WORD file.

3. ............................ is the extension for EXCEL file.

4. ........................... is location where the files and folders go when you delete them.

5. The files and folders that you cut (Ctrl+X) from source location, go to an intermediate location called ........................... .

Giving appropriate file names to files should be made clear to students by giving ample examples.

G R O U P A C T I V I T Y

Science Project

Addresses

My Paintings

a.

b.

c.5

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PRACTICE TEST2A. Writethestepstoperformthefollowingonfilesorfolders:

1. Creating folders2. Copying files3. Moving files4. Drag and Drop5. Deleting a file or folder6. Undeleting a file or folder7. Emptying recycle bin

B. Outofthefouroptionsgivenbelow,tick() the correct option.

1. Thesurnameofthefileisknownasa. File name b. File extensionc. File size d. File type

2. Find the incorrect one.a. Paint creates PNG files b. Notepad creates TXT filesc. Word creates XLSX files d. WordPad creates RTF files

3. Thefilenameanditsextensionareseparatedbyaa. Slash ‘/’ b. Back slash ‘ \ ’c. dot ‘.’ d. Dash ‘ - ’

4. Youcanhaveupto......................charactersinthefilename.a. 250 b. 260c. 255 d. 270

5. Therightorderoftheshortcutsofcut,copyandpastearea. Ctrl+X, Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V b. Ctrl+C, Ctrl+X, Ctrl+Vc. Ctrl+V, Ctrl+X, Ctrl+X d. None of these

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6. Whenyoudeleteafolder,thefolder,itssub-foldersthenalltheircontentsaremovedtothea. Dust Bin b. Recycle Binc. Memory d. None of these

7. Ifyouneedafilethatwasdeletedbymistakeearlier,youcana. Create the file again b. Restore it from the Recycle Binc. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ d. None of these

8. Tocreateafolder,clickon..................inthecontextmenu.a. View b. Newc. Personalize d. Sort by

9. Thefirststeptomoveafileorfolder,afteropeningthecontextmenuisto select .................. option.a. Cut b. Copyc. Delete d. Rename

10.Draganddropactiona. Copy the file from source to destinationb. Move the file from source to Recycle Binc. Move the file from source to destinationd. None of these