Chapter 1 KTTK

7/30/2019 Chapter 1 KTTK

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Harry Mills /PRESENTATIONPRO

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i tng nghin cu v nhim v mn hc

Ni dung chnh

Khi nim cht lng trong thu lc, mt s tnh chtvt l c bn ca cht lng

Cht lng thc & cht lng l tng, lc tc dng ln

cht lng phn loi lc tc dng

K

thut thu

kh
http://www.presentationpro.com/power_designs.aspxhttp://www.presentationpro.com/power_designs.aspxhttp://www.presentationpro.com/power_designs.aspx


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1.1. I TNG NGHIN CU V NHIM V MN HC

Cht lng = Th lng + Th kh( Fluid = Liquid + Gas)

+

Th rn Th lng Th kh

K

thut thu

kh


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V tr mn hc:C hc c in chia thnh nhiu lnh vc ln:

C hc i cng, gm: C hc l thuyt, l thuyt my

v c cu my, l thuyt dao ng tuyn tnh, l thuytiu chnh t ng, l thuyt cc qu trnh ti u, l thuytcon quay, c hc thin th...

C hc cht rn, gm: C hc kt cu, Sc bn vtliu, l thuyt n hi, l thuyt do, l thuyt bn v v

mng...C hc mi trng ri, gm:C hc t, c hc , c

hc a khi...C hc cht lng ng dng, gm: Thu lc hc, thu

kh ng lc hc, ng lc hc hng khng...

K

thut thu

kh


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1.1.1. Khinim mnhcKthutthu kh l khoa hc nghin cu v ngdng cc qui lut

cnbng v chuynngcachtlng - cht kh, lc tc ng qualigia mi trnglngkhvi cc vtthchuynng trong nhocvibmt bao quanh n.

K

thu

t thu

kh


5/29

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Harry Mills /PRESENTATIONPROK

thu

t thu

kh

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1.1.1. Khinim mnhc

K thut thu kh c vai tr rt quan trng trong nhiu ngnh k

thut khc nhau nh: Khhu v thitit

Weather & Climate

Tornadoes HurricanesGlobal Climate

Thunderstorm


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1.1.1. Khinim mnhc

ng dng trong giao thng vn ti, hng khng, hng hi.

Vehicles

AircraftSubmarines

High-speed railSurface ships

K

thu

t thu

kh


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1.1.1 Khinim mnhc

ng dng trong mi trng

Environment

Air pollution River hydraulics

K thut thu kh


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1.1.1. Khinim mnhcng dng trong y hc

Physiology and Medicine

Blood pump Ventricular assist device

K thut thu kh


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1.1.1. Khinim mnhc

ng dng trong th thao v gii tr

Sports & Recreation

High-speed rail

Water sports

Surfing

Offshore racing

Auto racing

K thut thu kh


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1.1.1. Khinim mnhc

V cc lnh

vc khc

K thut thu kh


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1.1.1. Khinim mnhc

V cc lnh

vc khc

K thut thu kh


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1.1.2Phngphp nghincu

Trong nghin cu thy lc phi kt hp cht ch

Thc nghim

L thuyt

K thut thu kh


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1.1.3Lchsphttrin mnhc

Archimedes(C. 287-212 BC)

Newton(1642-1727)

Leibniz(1646-1716)

Euler(1707-1783)

Navier(1785-1836)

Stokes(1819-1903)

Reynolds(1842-1912)

Prandtl(1875-1953)

Bernoulli(1667-1748)

Taylor(1886-1975)

K thut thu kh
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Taylor_Geoffrey.html


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1.2 KHI NIM CHT LNG TRONG THU LCCC TNH CHT VT L C BN CA CHT LNG

1.2.1 Khinimchtlng

Cht lng l mi trnglin tc m lc lin kt giacc phn t to thnh n rt

yu

K thut thu kh


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1.2.2 Cc tnhchtvtlcbncachtlngTnh di ng

Di tc dng calcmivtchtubindng

Bin dngdo

Bin dngn hi

Bin dngchy

K thut thu kh


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1.2.2 Cc tnhchtvtlcbncachtlngTnh lin tc

Cht lng c khi lng

V

M

: Khilng ringnv: (kg/m3)M : Khilngchtlng (kg)V : Th tch c khilng M (m3 )

V d: Nc ct 4oC c =1000 kg/m3

Khi lng ring mt s cht nhit 0C v p sut 760mm Hg l:Nit: 1,25 kg/mNc : 900 kg/m3

K thut thu kh


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1.2.2 Cc tnhchtvtlcbncachtlngCht lng c trng lng

V

G

: Trnglng ringnv: (N/m3)G (N) Trnglngchtlngcha trongth tch V (m3 )

V d: Nc nguyn cht n = 9810N/m3 (gia tc trng trng g = 9.81m/s2)T trng ca cht lng

9810

d

n

Nud > 1 chtlngnnghnnc

Nud


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1.2.2 Cc tnhchtvtlcbncachtlngTnh nn ca cht lng

V: Th tch ban u (m3)dV lng thay i th tch V (m3)dp lng thay i p sut (N/m2 ; at; Pa)

Trng hp thay i p sut:H s nn th tch:v

Trs trung bnh canc:.

Tnh thay i th tch do thay i p sut hoc nhit

dp

dV

V

1v

at

1;

Pa

1;

N

m2

N

m

10.2

1 2

9V


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1.2.2 Cc tnhchtvtlcbncachtlng

Trng hp thay i nhit :H s dn n do nhit t

Khi nhit tng t 10 n 20oC v psut l 105 Pa c th ly gn ng:

t 0,0001 (1/oC)

Tnh thay i th tch do thay i p sut hoc nhit

dt

dV

V

t

1

dt lng thay i nhit (oC; oK)t thay i khi p sut thay i

KC

oo

1;

1


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Sc cng mt ngoi


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Tnh nht

Khi cc cht lng chuyn ng,gia chng c s chuyn ng tngi, lm sinh ra lc ma st trong. y

l nguyn nhn sinh ra tn tht nnglng khi chtlngchuynng


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Tnh nht

Newton ara gi thit v quy lutma st trong v c

thcnghim xc nhn

"Sc ma st gia cc lp ca chtlng chuyn ng th t l vi dintch tip xc ca cc lp y, khngph thuc vo p lc, m ph thuc

vo Gradient vn tc theo chiuthng gc viphng chuyn ngvphthuc vo laichtlng".

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Tnh nht

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u

y

du

dy


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dy

du

A (m2) : din tch tip xc gia hailp cht lng

: Gradient vn tc theo phngy vung gc hng dng chy

(Pa.s) : h s c trng cho tnhnht gi l h s nht ng lc hc

K thut thu kh



Tnh nht

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dy

du.A..F


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Tnh nht

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Hsnhtnghc (1St = 1 cm2/s = 10-4 m2/s)

Trong thctnhtcachtlngc xc nh

bngnhtk,kiuphbinnht l nhtk EnglerLoi cht lng tun theo nh lut ma st trong caNewton gi l cht lng thc hoc cht lng Newton. Mn kthut thu kh nghin cu cht lng ny.


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1.3 CHT LNG THC-CHT LNG L TNGLC TC DNG LN CHT LNG PHN LOI LC TC DNG

1.3.1 Chtlngthc - chtlngl tng.

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Chtlngthc c ttcnhng tnh cht nu.

Chtlngltng: baogmnhngtnh chtsau: Khng c tnh nht: =0Di ngtuyti.Khng chngclc ko v ct.Khng nn c.


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1.3 CHT LNG THC-CHT LNG L TNGLC TC DNG LN CHT LNG PHN LOI LC TC DNG

1.3.2Lctcdnglnchtlng Phnloilctcdng

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Lc khi: L nhng lc t l vi khi lngchtlng, tcdng lnmiphntchtlng

Lcbmt:Llctngoi tcdng ln cc

phntchtlngquamttip xc, tlvidin tchmttip xc

V d: Lc qun tnh, trng lc, lc in t

V d: p lc cht lng tc dng ln b mt vt, lc ma st...


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Tun 2, l thuyt-Ni dung bao gm:

2 Chng II Thutnhhc2.1. Khi nim, phn loitrng thi tnh

2.1.1 Khi nim chung2.1.2 Phn loitrng thi tnh

2.2. p lc v p sutthutnh.2.2.1 p lc2. 2.2 p sut

2.3 Hai tnh chtcbnca p suttnh.2.3.1 Tnh cht 12.3.2 Tnh cht 2

2.4 Phng trnh vi phn cnbng vphng trnh cbntnhhc2.4.1 Thitlpphng trnh vi phn cnbng

2.4.2 Phng trnh cbntnhhc2.4.3 Mtng p mtngth

2.5 Cc loi p sut,biu p sut, nghacaphng trnh cbn.2.5.1 Cc loi p sut2.5.2 Biu p sut.2.5.3 nghacaphng trnh cbn.

Chapter 1 KTTK

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Transcript of Chapter 1 KTTK