Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry
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Chapter 1 Introduction to ChemistryWhat is ChemistryScientific Method
Chemistry Strategies
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What is a Chemist? A chemist studies matter on the atomic and molecular
levels in order to understand how elements join together to form different substances.
A chemist also measures proportions, reaction rates, and various other properties of substances in order to understand more about those substances.
Interesting Note: The term "chemist" internationally should not be confused with the British meaning of the term, which refers to what a person in the United States would call a pharmacist.
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5 Areas of Chemistry Organic chemistry – Carbon containing compounds Inorganic chemistry – Non carbon compounds or
carbon metallic compounds Physical chemistry – Physical and thermodynamic
properties of matter Analytical chemistry – qualitative and quantitative
analysis of chemicals Bio chemistry – Chemistry applied to life systems
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What are Chemicals?Any substance with definite composition.
Are they Good or Bad?
Good Prescription drugs Pesticides Herbicides New Materials Caffeine
Bad Environmental Pollution Poisons Unintended
consequences
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A Brief History of Scientific Inquiry
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Aristotle (384 BC) Aristotle, more than any other thinker,
determined the orientation and the content of Western intellectual history.
He was the author of a philosophical and scientific system that through the centuries became embedded in Western thinking.
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Aristotle In other words, Aristotle was so famous that
his work influenced thinking in the Western world from his time to the present.
This was fine when he was right. But he was so influential that his mistakes were never noticed.
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Aristotle Aristotle and his contemporaries believed that
all problems could be solved by thinking about them.
The idea of Verification through doing an experiment was not done until nearly two thousand years later.
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Galileo (early 1600’s) Considered to be one of the first true
scientists. Carried out logical experiments to test old and
new ideas Ran afoul of the main power in Europe and
ended his life in house imprisonment.
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Robert Boyle (late 1600’s) Robert Boyle is considered to be the father of
the scientific method of inquiry. His new philosophy included new methods of
experimental science, in which scientists sought to prove or disprove hypotheses through careful experiments.
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John Dalton (1700’s) Father of Modern Chemistry Atomic Theory Theory of Gases Molecular Weights Elements and Compounds Analytical techniques to carry out research
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The Scientific Process
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Scientific Method Problem Observations Hypothesis Experiment Data Analysis Conclusion Retest Publish
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Problem
A problem is a question based upon observations.
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Observations
Find out as much Information about the problem as possible.
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Hypothesis
A suggested solution to the problem.
If…Then…
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Experiment
A procedure to test the hypothesis.
Control – experiment without the variable
Variable – factor being tested
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Record and Analyze Data
Do the results of the experiment verify our hypothesis?
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Make a Conclusion The answer to the hypothesis. Either a
confirmation or modification is necessary.
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Publish and Retest
In order to verify the results, experiments must be retested by
other scientists.
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Cold Fusion Introduction
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Homework (due tomorrow)
Terms Chapter 1 – Write term and definition in a complete sentence(s).
Pg 19, 20 [2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 14] Did your parents do the survey????