CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By:...

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th , 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu

Transcript of CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By:...

Page 1: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer InteractionFebruary 18th, 2014

By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu

Page 2: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

INTRODUCTION – SECTIONS 1.1, 1.2CS 790M

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BILL GRUSSENMEYER

Page 3: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

OVERVIEW

• Ubiquitous interaction

• Emerging desire for usability

• Usability to user experience

• Emotional impact as part of the user experience

• Business case

• Roots of usability

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Page 4: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

UBIQUITOUS INTERACTION

• Embedded systems

• Car key finder, embedded tags

• Mobile devices

• Smartphones, PDAs

• Wearable computing

• Google glass

• Human robot interaction

• Health care, disabilities

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Page 5: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

HUMAN ROBOT INTERACTION

• Robotic telepresence for people with disabilities

• Blind people can feel through haptic feedback

• Multi-user control of multi-robot systems

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Page 6: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

3D INTERACTION SPACE

• Natural 3D interaction

• Kinect

• Magic 3D interaction

• Design for comfort

• Fatigue

• Nausea

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Page 7: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

DISNEY RESEARCH’S AIR INTERFACE

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Page 8: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

DISAPPEARING COMPUTER (AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE)

• General Example: electric motors

• Computers disappearing into walls, clothes, cars, tables, etc.

• How to interact with disappearing computers?

• MS Research’s Human Body as Electromagnetic Interface

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Page 9: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

OLFACTORY INTERACTION

• Factories, loud and bright

• Workers wearing goggles and ear plugs

• Mint smell to alert workers for evacuation

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Page 10: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

DEFINITION OF USER EXPERIENCE

• Totality of the effect or effects felt by a user as a result of interaction with, and the usage context of, a system, device, or product

• Presentation

• Remembering

• Emotional impact

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Page 11: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

DEFINITION OF INTERACTION

• Broad definition: mutual or reciprocal action, effect, or influence

• In terms of computers: user and computer interacting with each other and the environment

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Page 12: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

USABILITY AND USEFULNESS

• Usability is the pragmatic component of user experience, including effectiveness, efficiency, productivity, ease-of-use, learnability, retainability, and the pragmatic aspects of user satisfaction.

• Usefulness is the component of user experience to which system functionality gives the ability to use the system or product to accomplish the goals of work (or play).

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Page 13: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

FUNCTIONALITY AND EMOTIONAL IMPACT

• Functionality is power to do work (or play)

• Emotional impact is the affective component of user experience that influences user feelings.

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Page 14: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

DESIRE FOR USABILITY

• Voting machines

• Police systems

• Airports

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Page 15: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

CROWD SOURCING

• VizWiz: identification of photographs for the blind

• Google Street View: accessibility problems on streets

• Audio captioning on the internet

• NASA Crowdsourcing

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Page 16: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

INTRODUCTION – SECTIONS 1.3, 1.4CS 790M

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ALEX REDEI

Page 17: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

EMOTIONAL IMPACT

• Affective component of user experience

• About user feelings

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Page 18: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

EMOTIONAL IMPACT INCLUDES

• Pleasure, fun, joy of use, aesthetics, desirability

• Engagement, novelty, originality, “coolness” factor

• Appeal, self-expression, self-identity, pride of ownership

• Elegance, trustworthiness, a feeling of contribution to world

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Page 19: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

USER SATISFACTION

• Has been a part of usability

• Really more closely related to emotional impact, but still part of user experience

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Page 20: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

USER EXPERIENCE (MOSTLY) FELT INTERNALLY BY USER

• Equals totality of effect or effects felt (experienced) internally by a user as result of interaction

• User experience cannot be designed

• Do not say you are designing the user experience

• But you can design for a good user experience

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Page 21: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERACTION

• Deriving from phenomenology

• Philosophical examination of foundations of experience and action

• Cumulative effects of emotional impact considered over long term

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Page 22: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

“PRESENCE” OF A PRODUCT

• Presence of a product is relationship with users in which product becomes a personally meaningful part of their lives

• An essential part of phenomenological aspects of interaction

• Usage of technology takes on a presence in our lifestyles

• Technology is used to make meaning in our lives

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Page 23: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

MEASURING USER EXPERIENCE

• Neither user experience nor any of its components can be measured directly

• We estimate user experience and its components by measuring indicators

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Page 24: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

MEASURING USER EXPERIENCE

• Neither user experience nor any of its components can be measured directly

• We estimate user experience and its components by measuring indicators

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Page 25: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

QUALITY USER EXPERIENCE

• Functionality is important, but a quality user experience is more so

• Section 1.3.5 talks about the smartphone example. So I did a little research:

• Blackberry dominated the smartphone market at 52.5% market share in 2009, now they are estimated to hold only ~6% [1]

• Apple entered late, but has captured 43% of the market [2]

• This is one example where one phone had better features (blackberry) but the other phone (iPhone) had better usability.

25[1] Brandon, J., Is Blackberry Loosing Ground, Web. Accessed 2/18/14, http://www.inc.com/articles/2010/is-blackberry-losing-ground.html[2] Whitney, L., iPhone Market Share Shrinks as Android / Windows Phone Grow, Web. Accessed 2/18/14, http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57616679-37/iphone-market-share-shrinks-as-android-windows-phone-grow/

Page 26: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT USABILITY

• Not “dummy proofing”

• Not “user-friendliness”

• Users are not looking for amiability

• They need efficient and effective tools

• It is not (necessarily) high-tech or “cool”

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• I simply could not figure out how to open the bizarre new packaging. It represents a complete failure of industrial design; an utter ‘F’ in the school of Donald Norman’s Design of Everyday Things. To be technical about it, it has no true affordances and actually has some false affordances: visual clues as to how to open it that turn out to be wrong.” And: “[This] is just the first of many ways that Office 2007 and Vista’s gratuitous redesign of things that worked perfectly well shows utter disregard for all the time you spent learning the previous versions.

Even the Office 2007 Box has a learning curve!

Quote from Joel Spolsky mentioned in the book…

Page 27: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT USABILITY

• To a user the interaction experience is the system.

• “Doing usability” sometimes thought of as equivalent to usability testing

• Diagnostic view

• Book points to a particular scenario where a usability was performed, and users had requested a feature that already exists?!

• Or sometimes usability is seen to be about dressing it up

• “After the software is built, I want the usability people to make it look pretty”

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Page 28: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

FUN EXAMPLE

• Open Mozilla Firefox

• Type about:about in the address bar. You will find an index of advanced configurations available in the system.

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Page 29: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

INTRODUCTION – SECTIONS 1.5, 1.6CS 790M

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RUI WU

Page 30: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

USABILITY & USER EXPERIENCE

• My part: 1.5 ~ 1.6

• “UX”: refer to most things that have to do with designing for a high quality user experience

• Usability & User Experience means a lot!

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Page 31: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

• Usability issues can add as much as 50% to the total cost of software ownership!

• —e.g. Resident Evil 5 (2009) vs

reservoir dogs (2006)

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Page 32: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

RESIDENT EVIL 5 VS RESERVOIR DOGS

• Resident Evil 5—money used to optimize, perfect performance on PC

• Reservoir Dogs—almost not optimize! frames per second

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Page 33: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

QUESTIONS

• How to figure out whether there are some problems with usability and user experience?( No one complains to you directly)

(1)Your users are accessing only a small portion of the overall functionality your system offers

(2)There are a significant number of technical support calls about how to use a particular features in the product.

(3)There are requests for features that already exist in the product

(4)Your competitor’s products are selling better, even though your products has more features

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Page 34: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

QUESTIONS

• A business strategy: training as a substitute for usability in design—will that work?

e.g. instruction bulletin, for example: on page 2, you must answer Yes to print Notice or there will be a mistake.

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Page 35: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

HUMAN FACTORS

• Branch of science and technology

• First wave of formative influence of HCI

• History, when it came across with computers.

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Page 36: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

• Human—the most complex part of almost any system, BUT what about cause of errors or system failure?

• Point of human factor engineering—(1)susceptibility of human for errors

(2)design the system to prevent them.

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Page 37: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

EXAMPLE OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING

• Cars & autobrake

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOn4729TcJ0

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Page 38: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

PSYCHOLOGY & COGNITIVE SCIENCE

• Second wave of formative influence

• Similarities with human factors:

(1)Many connections to the design

(2)Evaluation of human performance—including cognition, memory…

• Differences with human factors

—psychology is more about human per se and human factors engineering looks at the human as a component in a larger system for which performance is to be optimal

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Page 39: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

• Important application—modeling users as human information processors

—e.g. keystroke-level model

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJLaqYzk55E 39

Page 40: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

TASK ANALYSIS

• The process of describing tasks( how user do things) and their relationships

• e.g. play games more real—gamepad vibrates to simulate shooting

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Page 41: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

• Major job: opening the way to practical programming techniques for bringing interaction designs to life on computer

• e.g.— point-and-click style of interaction in 1980s and 1990s

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Page 42: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

• Relationship between software engineering and usability engineering

—in ideal world, one would expect close connection a new task, add new functions to the software

—in reality, these two aspects cannot communicate with each other until the very end( more information in C23)

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Page 43: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CS 790M – Grad Sem. on Human Computer Interaction February 18 th, 2014 By: Bill Grussenmeyer, Alex Redei, Rui Wu.

RECOMMENDATION

• Gamepad vibration video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgV-DtGKCHs

• A paper about the relationship between usability and software engineering

Http://www.it-c.dk/people/slauesen/Papers/Interact97PosPaper.pdf

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