Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health

Act 1994 (OSHA)

Presented by:

Ir. Ahmad Rasdan Hj Ismail, P.Eng, MIEM, ACPE

Head of Industrial Program / Senior Lecturer

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UMP

Tel : +609-424 2268 / 2354

Fax : +609-424 2202

H/P : +6013-394 2463

E-mail: arasdan@gmail.com,rasdan@ump.edu.my

Registered Noise Competent Person (DOSH HIE 127/5/3–1 (NO88))

Registered Noise and Vibration Consultant DOE (SS0648)

The way to get started is to quit talking and

begin doing

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LectLect ## SubjectSubject Lect #Lect # SubjectSubject

11 Introduction to OSHA & Introduction to OSHA & OSHA in MalaysiaOSHA in Malaysia

88 Industrial HygieneIndustrial Hygiene

22 Industrial Hazard: Industrial Hazard: Identification, Types & Identification, Types & InspectionsInspections

99 Accident Causation Accident Causation PhenomenonPhenomenon

33 Industrial Hazard: Analysis Industrial Hazard: Analysis and Control and Control

1010 Accident Investigation Accident Investigation and Analysisand Analysis

44 Mechanical Hazard 1111 Accident Investigation Accident Investigation and Analysisand Analysis

55 Chemical Hazard 1212 Managing Safety and Managing Safety and HealthHealth

66 Physical Hazard 1313 Managing Safety and Managing Safety and Health (visit)Health (visit)

77 Psycho-social Hazard 1414 Managing Safety and Managing Safety and Health (visit)Health (visit)

LECTURE SCHEDULE

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ASSESSMENT

Tests (2) Tests (2) 30%30%

Group Project + ReportGroup Project + Report 40%40%

Project PresentationProject Presentation 10%10%

Assignment Assignment 10%10%

Assignment (group)Assignment (group) 10%10%

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INTRODUCTION TO OSHAINTRODUCTION TO OSHA

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BASIC BASIC TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY

SAFETY

The condition of being safe or freedom from harm and

injury

For occupational study, it’s defined as a measure of the

acceptability of risk

Simplified : injury-causing situation

HEALTHA state of complete physical, mental and social well

being and is not simply the absence of illness or

disease - WHO

For occupational area, it’s refers to an attempts to

maximize the individual capacity to live happily and

productively

Simplified : disease-causing

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S&H MANAGEMENT

Management is the science of getting things done through

other people.

S&H Professionals management is learning to use and

apply the technical skills to address safety & health

issues in the workplace

SA

FE

TY

OR

GA

NIZ

AT

ION

UN

ION

S

WORKING

ENVIRONMEN

T

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New engineering discipline New engineering discipline System safetySystem safety Accident causes: Accident causes:

personnel errorpersonnel error malfunctions & failures of equipmentmalfunctions & failures of equipment dangerous characteristics of equipmentdangerous characteristics of equipment adverse environmental conditionsadverse environmental conditions

Effects;Effects; Injuries and FatalitiesInjuries and Fatalities Damage Losses and ReimbursementDamage Losses and Reimbursement Effect on the National EconomyEffect on the National Economy

Millions per yearMillions per year

IMPORTANCE OF S&H

WHAT DOES S&H INVOLVE Understanding engineering principles of process & systemUnderstanding engineering principles of process & system Risk avoidance and preventionRisk avoidance and prevention Accident investigationAccident investigation

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MOTIVATION

In Malaysia, 3 sectors incur high rates of accidents;In Malaysia, 3 sectors incur high rates of accidents;

ManufacturingManufacturing

TradingTrading

Agriculture, forestry & fishingAgriculture, forestry & fishing

App. 72% of total industrial accidents, which the smallApp. 72% of total industrial accidents, which the small--scale scale

enterprises accidents data are not included.enterprises accidents data are not included.

Concept : Concept :

If that unsafe condition can be eliminated or suitably controlled, If that unsafe condition can be eliminated or suitably controlled,

there will be no accident even there is an error on the part of there will be no accident even there is an error on the part of

any personnel involvedany personnel involved

the best approach to providing safety and health at the workplace the best approach to providing safety and health at the workplace

through ENFORCEMENTthrough ENFORCEMENT

Therefore, the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514) Therefore, the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514)

came into force in February 1994. came into force in February 1994.

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HOW THE MALAYSIAN LAWS ARE MADE ?

(Dewan Rakyat &

Dewan Negara)

Parliament

First & Second

Reading

Committee

Third reading

& pass the bill

Yang di-Pertuan

AgongAssented bill

Parliament

LawLaw

Gazette

Technical

details

Enforcement

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OSHA MISSION

"Assure so far as possible every working man and

woman in the Nation safe and healthful working

conditions."

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OSHA 1994 -Act 514

OBJECTIVES To secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work

against risks to S/H arising out of the activities of persons at work

To protect persons at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to S/H arising out of the activities of person at work

To promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological & psychological need

To provide the associated of OSH with a system of regulations and approved industry codes of practice operating in combination with the provisions of OSH act designed to improve the standards of S&H

Responsibility to ensure S&H of workers on those who

create the risk & those who work with the risk

PHILOSOPHY

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COVERAGE OF OSHA

All economic sectors, including the public services and All economic sectors, including the public services and statutory authorities (Refer to Schedule 1)statutory authorities (Refer to Schedule 1)

Except those subjected to the Merchant Shipping Ordinance Except those subjected to the Merchant Shipping Ordinance and the armed forcesand the armed forces

The systems and procedures focus on the following areas of The systems and procedures focus on the following areas of concern:concern:

S&H trainingS&H training Using of toxic materialsUsing of toxic materials

Safe systems of workSafe systems of work Internal S&H mgmt.Internal S&H mgmt.

Environmental ctrl.Environmental ctrl. Accident investigationsAccident investigations

Machine guardingMachine guarding Safety committees Safety committees

HousekeepingHousekeeping Fire safety & preventionFire safety & prevention

Safe plantSafe plant Medical & welfareMedical & welfare

Noise & dust control Noise & dust control Emergency proceduresEmergency procedures

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PROVISION OF OSHA

Based on the self-regulation scheme.

Its primary responsibility is to ensure safety and health of work lies with those who create the risks and those who work with the risks.

The concept of self-regulation encourages cooperation, consultation and participation of employees and management in efforts to upgrade the standards of safety and health at the workplace.

Aim: To establish effective safety and health organization and performance.

The OSHA is enforced by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), a government department under the Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia.

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OSHA: ORDERS & REGULATIONS

The power conferred by section 66 of the OSHAct 1994

At present, there are 8 regulations and orders have been

established;

1. OSH (Employers’ safety & health general policy

statements (Exception) Regulation 1995

2. OSH (Control of industrial major accident hazards)

Regulation 1996

3. OSH (Safety & health committee) Regulation 1996

4. OSH (Classification, packaging, & labeling of hazardous

chemicals) Regulation 1997

5. OSH (Safety & health officer) Regulation 1997

6. OSH (Safety & health officer) order 1997

7. OSH (Prohibition of use of substance) order 1999

8. OSH (Use and standards of exposure of chemicals

hazardous to health) Regulation 2000

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Very technical & referred to the specific area.

There are 5 F&M regulations available.

F&M act superceded by OSHA but still can be used for

the specific case.

FACTORY & MACHINERY ACTS- Act 139

DOSHPreviously known as FMD under MoHR, Malaysia

Main responsibilities ;

ensure through enforcement and promotional works that

all parties always practice safe and health work culture,

and always comply with existing legislation, guidelines

and codes of practice.

will also formulate and review legislation, policies,

guidelines and codes of practice pertaining to OSH and

welfare in ensuring safety and health at work.

the secretariat to National Council for Occupational

Safety and Health (refer to Part III)

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NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health was

launched on December, 1992

Limited companies under supervision of Ministry of Human

Resources

Objectives:

Centre for training, consultancy and research in

occupational safety and health

Promotion of occupational safety and health that would

also serve as the "backbone" to create a "self-

regulating occupational safety and health culture“

Training available;

S&H officer certificate etc

Practice safety officer (managerial level) or hygiene

technician.

CAREER PROSPECTS

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INDUSTRY’S MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM In industry, 3 common management systems are;In industry, 3 common management systems are;

1.1. General/Financial managementGeneral/Financial management2.2. Quality managementQuality management3.3. Safety managementSafety management

New system introduced / implemented New system introduced / implemented environmentenvironment

GENERAL

MANAGEMENTQUALITY

MANAGEMENT

(ISO 9001)

SAFETY

MANAGEMENT

(ISO 18001)

ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT

(ISO 14000)

COMMON

CONCERNS

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BENEFITS OF INDUSTRY’S S&H

1.1. Higher level of safetyHigher level of safety

2.2. Higher quality of product & processesHigher quality of product & processes

3.3. Conformance to regulationsConformance to regulations

4.4. Conformance to customer requirementsConformance to customer requirements

5.5. Better use of resourcesBetter use of resources

6.6. Reduction of cost of operationsReduction of cost of operations

7.7. Greater marketability by your companyGreater marketability by your company

8.8. Consistency of supplier relationshipsConsistency of supplier relationships

9.9. Limitation of legal liabilityLimitation of legal liability

10.10. Improved community imageImproved community image

Sharing common issues : Sharing common issues :

Corrective actions, preventive actions, training, Corrective actions, preventive actions, training,

continuous improvement, supplier relations, continuous improvement, supplier relations,

management commitment, management plan etc .management commitment, management plan etc .

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SUCCESSFUL S&H MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

MANAGEMENT

REVIEW

CHECKING

&

CORRECTIVE ACTION

IMPLEMENTATION

&

OPERATION

PLANNING

S&H POLICYCONTINUAL

IMPROVEMENT

CONTINUAL

IMPROVEMENT

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S -Management Systems

A -Proper Attitude

F -Understand Fundamentals

E -Experience

T -Time to do things safely

Y -Your Participation

S –Serious about safety

A –Alert to all hazards

F –Focus on what you do!

E –Educated choices

T –Team minded

Y –You !

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HAS OSHA ACHIEVED IT’S

MISSION?Is OSHA Still Needed..

5,559 workers died in 2003 (20 workers/day),

An estimated 50,000 workers die from illnesses

to due workplace chemical exposures, & workplace injuries cost the economy more that $110 billion/year.

4.4 million injuries & illnesses reported in 2003, of which 4.13 million were injuries and 0.27 million were illnesses.

2.3 million of the reported injuries and illnesses resulted in lost work days or restricted work activity

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DOSHDOSH--http://dosh.mohr.gov.my/ http://dosh.mohr.gov.my/

NIOSHNIOSH--http://www.niosh.com.my/ http://www.niosh.com.my/

MSOSHMSOSH--http://www.msosh.org.my/http://www.msosh.org.my/

OHSEIOHSEI-- http://ohseinstitute.org/index.shtmlhttp://ohseinstitute.org/index.shtml

MTUCMTUC--http://www.mtuc.org.my/osh_profile_malaysia.htmhttp://www.mtuc.org.my/osh_profile_malaysia.htm

BOMBABOMBA--http://bomba.gov.my/http://bomba.gov.my/

http://infoventures.comhttp://infoventures.com

http://http://www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/http://http://www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/

REFERENCESREFERENCES

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Case Study Project

Divide into groups of 5 or 6.Divide into groups of 5 or 6.

Produce a reportProduce a report

Double spacing, Arial font type, size 11.Double spacing, Arial font type, size 11.

15 ≤ No of pages ≤ 2015 ≤ No of pages ≤ 20

Topics:Topics:

1.1. Young Worker Safety and HealthYoung Worker Safety and Health

2.2. Stress at Work Stress at Work

3.3. Women’s Health & Safety Women’s Health & Safety

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Report format Introduction of topic. Introduction of topic.

Elaborate on the latest scenario or the topic problems occurred in Malaysia or Elaborate on the latest scenario or the topic problems occurred in Malaysia or other countries.other countries.

Select a workplace and study the problem faced by the employees related Select a workplace and study the problem faced by the employees related to the topic.to the topic.

Content:Content: Produce statisticProduce statistic

Acts concerned, Acts concerned,

Actions taken by the safety committee at the organization.Actions taken by the safety committee at the organization.

Effects of the problemEffects of the problem

Characteristics of the problem.Characteristics of the problem.

Conclusion. Conclusion. Give your opinions to solve the problem. Give your opinions to solve the problem.

Thank you for the attention