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Chapter 1

Introduction To Multimedia

Muddassar Ali

International University of Technology Twintech (IUTT) Yemen

[email protected]


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Contents What is Multimedia?

History of MM

Media Types

Elements of MM

MM Applications

Multimedia Systems

Characteristics of a Multimedia System

Challenges for Multimedia Systems

Components of a Multimedia System

Desirable Features for a Multimedia System

Trends in MM


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What is Multimedia??The word multimedia is composed of twoparts: the prefix multi and media

Multi = Plural, more than one, many

Media = Medium of Communication


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What is Multimedia??

Still Images

AudioVideo

Animation

Text

Multimedia is a combination of Content forms:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crystal_128_camera.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Crystal_Clear_app_aktion.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crystal_Clear_app_camera.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crystal_128_camera.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crystal_Clear_app_kaboodle.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Crystal_Clear_action_playlist.png


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What is Multimedia??Definition:

Multimedia is the field concerned with the

computer-controlled integration of text,

graphics, drawings, still and moving images

(Video), animation, audio, and any other

media where every type of information can berepresented, stored, transmitted and processed

digitally.


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ExamplesPresentations involving audio and videoclips are considered as Multimedia

presentation.

Education Softwares that involves

animations, sound and text are calledMultimedia softwares.


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History of Multimedia Newspaper: perhaps thefirstmass communication medium,

uses text, graphics, and images.

Motion pictures: In 1830s in order to observe motion too

rapid for perception by the human eye.

Wireless radio transmission: Guglielmo Marconi, at Italy, in

1895.

Television: the new medium for the 20th century, established

video as a commonly available medium and has changed the

world of mass communications.


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History of Multimedia 1829: Typewriter Introduced

1899: Magnetic Recording Introduced

1926: First Television 1931: First Stereo Recordings

1941: First TV Commercial

1948: Cable TV


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History of Multimedia 1959: First copy machine (by Xerox)

1961: Spacewars (1st video game)

1963: Mouse invented 1964: Compact cassette tape

1975: Bill Gates starts MICROSOFT

1977: Visual Effects category added to Oscar

awards


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History of Multimedia 1978: Video Laser Disk

1979: National Computer Graphics Associationorganized

1980: Disney uses computer graphics for themovie TRON

1980: Sony Walkman

1982: Adobe

1983: 1st CD Player

1984: 1st computer generated 30 secondcommercial used for Super Bowl


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History of Multimedia 1986: The Great Mouse Detective (1st animated

film to be aided by computer graphics)

1988: Disney & Pixar develop CAPS (ComputerAnimation Paint System)

1989: 8MM Videotape introduced by Sony

1989Tim Berners-Lee proposed the WorldWide Web


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History of Multimedia 1991MPEG-1 was approved as an international standard for

digital

1992JPEG was accepted as the international standard fordigital image

1992The first MBone audio multicast on the Net was made.

1993The University of Illinois National Center for

Supercomputing Applications produced NCSA Mosaicthefirst full-fledged browser.


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History of Multimedia 1994Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen created the Netscape

program.

1996DVD video was introduced; high quality full-lengthmovies were distributed on a single disk.

1998Hand-held MP3 devices first made inroads into

consumerist tastes in the fall of 1998, with the introduction of

devices holding 32MB of flash memory. 2000WWW size was estimated at over 1 billion pages.


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Classification of Media Types


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Captured Versus Synthesised Media


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Discrete Versus Continuous Media


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Elements of MultimediaElements of Multimedia are:

1. Text

2. Graphics3. Sound

4. Video

5. Animation

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Elements of MultimediaText: characters representing words and

symbols. The use of different styles, fonts and

colors can be used to emphasize specificpoints.

Graphics: visual representation of an object.Examples include conventional artwork,computer-generated artwork, photographs orcaptured video frames.

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Elements of MultimediaSound: vibration as perceived by hearing. This

may include speech, audio effects (e.g.

applause), ambient sound (e.g. the backgroundsound of the sea etc.) and music.

Video: presentation of moving picturesrepresenting actual events.

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Elements of Multimedia

Animation: moving sequence of still images.It consists of a series of still images shown in

rapid succession. It is an illusion of motion. Ittricks our mind into thinking that stationaryartwork is truly moving.


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Multimedia Applications

AMultimedia Application is an Application

which uses a collection of multiple media

sources e.g. text, graphics, images,

sound/audio, animation and/or video.


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Multimedia Applications

Examples of Multimedia Applications include:

World Wide Web

Hypermedia Video conferencing

Interactive TV

Games Virtual reality

Digital video editing and production systems

Multimedia Database systemsMuddassar Ali 23


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Hypertext?? Hypertextis a text which

contains links to other

texts. The term wasinvented by Ted Nelson

around 1965.

Hypertext is thereforeusually non-linear (as

indicated in fig).


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HyperMedia? HyperMedia is not constrained to

be text-based. It can include

other media, e.g., graphics,

images, and especially thecontinuous media - sound and

video. Apparently, Ted Nelson

was also the first to use this term.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is the

best example of hypermedia

applications.


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Multimedia Systems

AMultimedia System is a system capable of

processing multimedia data and applications.

AMultimedia System is characterized by

processing, storage, generation and

manipulation of Multimedia information.


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Characteristics of a Multimedia SystemA Multimedia System has 4 Basic characteristics:


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Challenges for Multimedia Systems The key issues multimedia systems need to

deal with are:

How to represent and store temporal information.

How to strictly maintain the temporal relationships

on play back/retrieval


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Challenges for Multimedia Systems Data has to be represented digitally so many initial source of

data needs to be digitise -- translated from analog source to

digital representation.

The data is large several Mb easily for audio and video --

therefore storage, transfer (bandwidth) and processing

overheads are high.


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Components of a Multimedia SystemComponents (Hardware and Software) required for a multimedia

system:

Capture devices -- Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio

Microphone, Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D inputdevices, tactile sensors, VR devices. Digitising/Sampling

Hardware

Storage Devices -- Hard disks, CD-ROMs, Jaz/Zip drives,

DVD, etc Communication Networks -- Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI,

ATM, Intranets, Internets.


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Components of a Multimedia SystemComputer Systems -- Multimedia Desktopmachines, Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO/DSP

HardwareDisplay Devices -- CD-quality speakers,HDTV,SVGA, Hi-Res monitors, Colour printers etc.


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Desirable Features for a Multimedia System Very High Processing Power -- needed to deal with large

data processing and real time delivery of media. Special

hardware commonplace.

Multimedia Capable File System -- needed to deliver real-

time media -- e.g. Video/Audio Streaming. Special

Hardware/Software needed e.g RAID technology.

Data Representations/File Formats that support

multimedia -- Data representations/file formats should be

easy to handle yet allow for compression/decompression in

real-time.


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Efficient and High I/O -- input and output to the file

subsystem needs to be efficient and fast. Needs to allow for

real-time recording as well as playback of data. e.g. Direct to

Disk recording systems.

Special Operating System -- to allow access to file system

and process data efficiently and quickly. Needs to support

direct transfers to disk, real-time scheduling, fast interrupt

processing, I/O streaming etc.


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Storage and Memory -- large storage units (of the order of 50

-100 Gb or more) and large memory (50 -100 Mb or more).

Large Caches also required and frequently of Level 2 and 3

hierarchy for efficient management.

Network Support -- Client-server systems common as

distributed systems common.

Software Tools-- user friendly tools needed to handle media,design and develop applications, deliver media.


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Trends in MultimediaCurrent big applications areas in Multimedia include:

World Wide Web -- Hypermedia systems -- embrace nearly

all multimedia technologies and application areas. Ever

increasing popularity.

MBone -- Multicast Backbone: Equivalent of conventional

TV and Radio on the Internet.

Enabling Technologies -- developing at a rapid rate to

support ever increasing need for Multimedia. Carrier,Switching, Protocol, Application, Coding/Compression,

Database, Processing, and System Integration Technologies at

the forefront of this


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