Name _____________________________________________________________

FALL SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW PACKET ‘10DUE _______________________________

Unit 1 – Introduction to Biology

1. Define science.

2. Define biology.

3. List the 8 characteristics of life.1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

4. ___________________________ is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

5. _____________________________ is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes.

6. A weak bond in which electrons are transferred is a(n) ___________ ___________ .

7. In a ________________ _______________ , electrons are shared between two atoms. Is this a weak or strong bond?

8. Define “molecule” and give an example.

9. A _______________________ is a very large molecule consisting of repeated linked units.

10. The building blocks of a polymer are called ____________________ .

11. Complete the chart:

Macro(Bio)molecule Group

Monomer Function Examples

Carbohydrates

Lipids XXXXX

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

12. ______________________ are proteins that catalyze almost every important chemical reaction in living things.

Unit 2 – Introduction to The Cell

1. Who created the first microscope?

2. Which scientist first named the cell?

3. What are the three parts of the cell theory?

a.

b.

c.

4. Which microscope has more than one lens and is the type we use?

5. Which type of microscope uses a magnet to focus a beam of electrons?

6. Identify the purpose and location of the following microscope parts:

a. diaphragmb. coarse adjustment knobc. fine adjustment knobd. eyepiecee. revolving nosepiecef. stageg. clipsh. light source

7. Cells that contain a true nucleus are known as _____________________ cells; cells that do not contain a true nucleus

are called ______________________ cells.

8. Give the meaning of the following prefixes and suffixes:

pro mono macro multimicro poly eu dibio uni ology trikary homo hetero auto

9. Provide the name for each structure described below.

a. Control center of eukaryotic cell ___________________________________________________________

b. Dense region within the nucleus that is the site of ribosome assembly _____________________________

c. Fine strands of DNA wrapped in protein (form of DNA during interphase) ___________________________

d. Cell gel ______________________________________________________________________________

e. Sites where proteins are assembled ________________________________________________________

f. Network of membranes where proteins are processed and transported; ribosomes may be attached

_____________________________________________________________________________________

g. Cell “postmaster” ______________________________________________________________________

h. Sac-like membranes in animal cells filled with enzymes that disinfect & recycle ______________________

i. Supporting framework of cells; made of protein _______________________________________________

j. Sacs for storage; especially prominent in plant cells ___________________________________________

k. Produces ATP energy from the chemical fuel of glucose ________________________________________

l. Site of photosynthesis; converts energy from the sun to glucose __________________________________

m. Boundary found in all cells; determines what can enter and leave _________________________________

n. Term used to describe cell gel and all organelles ______________________________________________

o. Play a role in cell division in animal cells only _________________________________________________

10. Identify which cell is the plant cell and which cell is the animal cell. Use the terms from question 9 to label each cell.

Unit 3 – Classification1. The science of classifying and assigning organisms a scientific name is known as ____________________.

2. The 2-word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called __________________________________________.

3. Organizing objects into groups based on similarities is known as ______________________________________.

4. The scientific name for an organism consists of the ______________ which is always ______________________ and the _______________, which is not. Both words are ________________________ or _________________.

5. A __________________________ key is a tool that uses specific characteristics to identify an organism.

6. In recent years, _______________________________ has become increasingly popular tool for classifying organisms.

7. List the seven levels of classification from broadest to most specific.

8. Which kingdoms are prokaryotic? Eukaryotic?

9. In which kingdom(s) do all organisms always have cell walls?

May have cells walls?

Never have cell walls?

10. Which kingdoms are strictly heterotrophic?

Strictly autotrophic?

11. List the three domains and the kingdom(s) found in each.

Unit 3, continued – A Closer Look at Plants1. List four characteristics of all plants.

2. What group of plants lack vascular tissue? ______________________________________

Contain vascular tissue? _________________________________________

3. What group of plants has cones?

4. What group of plants produces fruits and flowers?

5. The waxy covering of a leaf that minimizes water loss is called the ____________________.

6. Define:

a. xylem

b. phloem

7. Describe the function of each:

a. roots

b. stem

c. leaves

8. What is a seed? What are the advantages of seeds?

9. Identify the following structures:

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

10. Identify the following structures:

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

11. Identify the function of the following:

a) Cuticle

b) Epidermis

c) Palisade Mesophyll

d) Spongy Mesophyll

e) Stomata

f) Guard Cells

12. Describe characteristics of:

a. monocot

b. dicots

Unit 4 – Introduction to Ecology1. Define ecology.

2. The combined portions of the planet in which all life exists is known as the ____________________________.

3. List and define the levels of organization beginning with species and ending with biome.

4. What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth?

5. Define the following terms:

a. producer

b. consumer

c. herbivore

d. carnivore

e. omnivore

f. decomposers

6. Define and give examples of:

a. biotic

b. abiotic

7. What is polarity? What makes water a polar molecule?

8. Explain each of the following properties seen in water as a result of polarity. Adhesion

Cohesion

Density of ice versus water

9. Define the terms, autotroph and heterotroph.

10. Write the equation for cellular respiration. Where does it take place in a eukaryotic cell?

11. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Where does it occur in a plant cell?

12. Explain the process of nitrogen fixation. Why is it important? What group of organisms are involved?

Unit 5 – Ecological Studies1. List the 6 steps of the scientific method.

2. In a controlled experiment, define

a. control

b. manipulated (independent) variable

c. responding (dependent) variable

3. Define hypothesis.

4. Which type of observations deals with numbers: “Qualitative” or “Quantitative?”

5. A ______________________ is a diagram representing the transfer of energy as one organism eats another.

6. A ______________________ links all the food chains in an ecosystem together.

7. Each step in a food chain or food web is known as a(n) ____________________________________.

8. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

9. The role an organism plays in its habitat is known as its ________________.

10. Define the following terms:

a) Mutualism

b) Commensalism

c) Parasitism

Unit 6 – The Working Cell1. The molecule that provides useable energy to the cell is ____________________.

2. ATP’s energy is stored in the ______________________________________________________.

3. Define aerobic. Define anaerobic.

4. Which energy pathway is aerobic? Which energy pathway is anaerobic?

5. What are the two types of fermentation? What type occurs in human muscle cells?

6. What is an enzyme?

7. The substance that binds to an enzyme is called the _________________ . The region where they fit together is known as the _________________ _________________ .

8. Since the cell membrane allows certain substances to pass through and prevents others from passing through, it is said to be _______________ ________________ .

9. A type of transport across the membrane that requires no energy expenditure by the cell is called _________________ transport. If energy is required, it is called ______________________ transport.

10. The three types of passive transport are ______________________, ________________, and ___________________ ____________________ .

11. The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is ______________.

12. A type of active transport in which a cell expels substances is called _______________. When substances are brought in, it is called ____________________ .

Unit 7 – Cell Division

1. The period of time from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next is called the ____________________.

2. During which part of interphase does the cell’s DNA make a copy of itself?

3. The division of the cytoplasm that occurs at the end of mitosis is known as _______________________.

4. Asexual cell division in eukaryotes is known as ______________________.

5. What family of proteins regulate the cell cycle?

6. ______________________ is a group of diseases in which cells lose the ability to control growth.

7. Give two reasons cells divide:

8. Identify the phase of mitosis being described:a) Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite ends of the cell as the spindle fibers shorten __________________ b) Chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell: spindle begins to break apart; nuclear membrane reforms

_______________________ .c) Shortest phase in which chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. _____________________ .d) Chromosomes become thick and visible, nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane disintegrates _________________

9. G1, S, and G2 phases are all part of ________________________ .

10. Define the following:a. Centrioles

b. Centromere

c. Spindle

11. Use the word bank below to identify the structures indicated. interphase prophase metaphase anaphasetelophase spindle sister chromatid chromosomecentriole centromere nuclear membrane

Unit 8 - DNA

1. What are the monomers of DNA? ___________________________

2. List the three parts of #1.

3. Which scientists did X-ray diffraction of DNA?

4. Which scientists discovered the shape of the DNA molecule?

5. What is the shape of DNA?

6. What is Chargaff’s rule?

7. Use base pairing rules to find the complementary strand:

TATGCCGAA __________________________________________

8. DNA is copied in a process called _______________________.

9. Identify the structures indicated: