Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health

8/11/2019 Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health

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The Revolutionary of Life

Mohd Amir Bin ArshadDepartment of Environmental Health & Occupational Safety

Faculty of Biomedical & Health Sci encesUniversiti Selangor

Introduction to

Environmental HealthMPD 1212

Chapter 1Introduction to EH

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• Name?• Nickname?• From

where?• Hobby?

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1. Continuous Assessment [40%]Tests

AssignmentMidterm examination

2. Final Examination [60%]

Course Assessment

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• Define health, public health andenvironmental health

• Understand the objectives ofenvironmental health

• Describe the environmental health issueslocal and internationally

Course Learning Outcomes

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Definition: Environment

• ‘…[All] that which is external to individual

human host. [It] can be divided intophysical, biological, social cultural any orall of which can influence health status inpopulations.’ (WHO, 1995 )

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Definition: Health

• Health is a state of complete physical,mental and social well-being and notmerely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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• Public health is "the science and art ofpreventing disease, prolonging life andpromoting health through the organizedefforts and informed choices of society,organizations, public and private,communities and individuals.

Definition: Public health

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• Addresses all the physical, chemical, andbiological factors external to a person, andall the related factors impacting behaviors.It covers the assessment and control ofthose environmental factors that canpotentially affect health. (WHO, 2012)

Definition: Environmental Health



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Studies the impact of theenvironment on populations

health

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• To strengthening and improving

environmental quality and health.

• Prolonged the quality of life

The Objective

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Soil Erosion

Deforestation

Habitat destruction

Drinking water

Water Pollution

pesticides

Heavy metals

Groundwater pollution

Typhoid fever

Hepatitis A

CholeraLead poisoning

Wastewater

Recreational Waters

Air Quality

Ozone depletion

Global warming

Asthma

Lung cancer

Carbon monoxide

Radon gas

Solid waste

Food Sanitation

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Population Perspective

Individual

Family

Community, nation

Human population

A l l P o p u

l a t i o n s

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• Children, women, the elderly, the disabled,indigenous people

Vulnerable groups

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Elements of environment

Chemical Air pollutiontoxic waste,pesticides,industrial

discharges

PhysicalIonizing

radiation,noise,

lighting,vibration

BiologicalBacteria,microbes,poisonousplants and

animals

PsychosocialBeliefs,habits,

religion,education,lifestyles

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Bophal Disaster

In 1984, the accidentalrelease of 40 metric tons ofmethyl isocyanate (MIC)from a Union Carbidepesticide plant in the heartof Bhopal, India killedthousands of people and

injured hundreds ofthousands.

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Chernobly Incident, 26 April 1986



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400 times more radiation thanAtomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima

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Estimated, it will take20,000 years to be

completely safe

“Ghost Town”

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• Pesticides - chemicalsthat manufactured forreducing populations ofundesirable organisms(pests).

• E.g. herbicides &insecticides.

• Most pesticides kill non-target organisms as wellas the target.

• Disease transmitted byinsects or otherarthropods.

• E.g. mosquitoes(dengue), rodent(leptospirosis).

Pesticides Vector-borne diseases

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• Diseases that transmittedthrough drinking water.

• Drinking untreated water.

• E.g. polio virus, hepatitis A virus, Salmonella,Shigella, cholera,dysentery.

• Recreational areas.

• Diseases transmitted inor on food.

• E.g. agents are thebacteria Salmonella,Escherichia.

• Routinely inspect foodservice.

Water-borne d iseases Food-borne diseases

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• Exposure to lead are

anemia, birth defects,bone damage,neurological damage,kidney damage.

• Exposure is by ingestionand inhalation.

• Children are particularlyat risk.

• Diseases including lung

cancer & perhaps heartdisease.

• Contains 4, 000substances.

• EPA classified as a Class A carcinogen.

Lead Poisoning Tobacco smoke

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• Arises naturally from theearth & sometimesoccurs at dangerouslevels in buildings andhomes.

• Breathing can cause lungcancer.

• Population growth maybe a sociological hazard.

• Living in a society whereone experiences noise,lack of privacy andovercrowding.

Radon Gas Stress

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• Earthquakes, floods,hurricanes, tornadoes,typhoons, and volcaniceruptions.

• Biological, psychologicaland sociological hazardsmay increase following anatural disaster

• Reaches humans asshort wave length energythat can damage cells byionization.

• One of the result overexposure to UV radiationis skin cancer.

Disaster Ultraviolet radiation

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Any Questions?

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• Morgan, M.T. (Ed). 2003. Environmental Health. 3rd Edition.Thomson Wadworth. Australia

• W.H . Bassett, 2004. Clay’s Handbook of EnvironmentalHealth. Nineteenth edition.

• World Health Organization (2012). Environmental Health.

• Allison Robinson, 2001. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania. Introduction to Environmental Health.

• Jonathan M. (2006). Introduction to Environmental Health.Johns Hopkins University

References

Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health