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Produced by: Forestry Departmen

Title: Watershed management field manual...

Espaol Franais More detail

FOREWORD

The FAO Watershed Management Field Manual is published within the FAO Conservation Guide Series asConservation Guide No. 13 and will consist of seven separate volumes:

Watershed Survey and Planning

Slope Treatment Measures and Practices

Vegetative and Soil Treatment Practices

Road Design and Construction in Sensitive Watersheds (this volume)

Landslide Prevention Measures

Gully Control

Water Harvesting

The objective of this Manual is to assist professionals concerned with the planning and implementation ofwatershed management activities by providing practical information supported by examples from a wide variety ofsituations. However, the watershed situation in each country is unique and it is impossible to provide step by stepsolutions which will apply in any specific area. The user of the Manual is, therefore, invited to add the localexperience and information deemed necessary.

We wish to acknowledge the valuable work of Mr. Peter Schiess, Associate Professor of Logging Engineering,University of Washington, and Ms Carol A. Whitaker, Hydrologist, on which this volume was based; it has beenprepared for publication by Mr. T. Michaelsen of the Forest and Wildlands Conservation Branch, with thecollaboration of Mr. R. Heinrich and Mr. T.A. Frisk-Smith in the Forest Logging and Transport Branch of the ForestIndustries Division. It is hoped that the publication will be useful to all professionals involved in watershedmanagement activities.

J.P. LanlyDirectorForest Resourses DivisionForesty Department

ABSTRACT

The document provides detailed specifications for road design and construction in mountain areas in sensitivewatersheds where on-site protection of the road itself as well as the downstream effects of soil disturbance andchanges in drainage patterns are important considerations. Protection includes provision for adequate drainage aswell as surface and slope protection measures. Road construction and maintenance techniques- are adapted toconditions of low traffic volumes in steep terrain.

Conversion Table: English - Metric Units

1. Length

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8/10/2019 Chapter 1 Definition and Scope of Protective Measures for Roads 4

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11/3/2014 CHAPTER 1 DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR ROADS

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From

To

cm m km

Multiply by

inch 2.54 2.54 * 10-2 2.54 * 10

feet 3.05 * 10 3.05 * 10-1 3.05 * 10-4

yards 9.14 * 10 9.14 * 10-1 9.14 * 10-4

miles 1.61 * 105 1.61 * 103 1.61

2. Area

From

To

cm m km

Multiply by

square inch 6.45 6.45 * 10-4 6.45 * 10-10

square feet 9.29 * 102 9.29 * 10-2 9.29 * 10-8

square yard 8.36 * 103 8.36 * 10-1 8.36 * 10-7

square mile 2.59 * 1010 2.59 * 106 2.59

3. Volume

From

To

cm litre m

Multiply by

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11/3/2014 CHAPTER 1 DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES FOR ROADS

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cubic inch 1.64 * 101 1.64 * 10-2 1.64 * 10-5

cubic feet 2.83 * 104 2.83 * 101 2.83 * 10-2

cubic yards 7.65 * 105 7.65 * 102 7.65 * 10-1

gallons 3.78 * 103 3.78 3.78 * 10-3

4. Pressure

From

To

gr/cm kg/cm kg/m

Multiply by

lb / inch2 7.031 * 101 7.031 * 10-2 6.896

lb / feet2 4.882 * 10-1 4.882 * 10-4 4.788 * 10-2

tons (short) /feet2

9.766 * 102 9.766 * 10-1 9.578 * 10

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