Chapter 1 “Biology and You”

Chapter 1Chapter 1“Biology and You”“Biology and You”

Section 1Section 1

Themes of BiologyThemes of Biology

Bio = _______ - ology = ________Bio = _______ - ology = ________

I. What is Biology?

Bio = _______ - ology = ________Bio = _______ - ology = ________Life Study of

I. What is Biology?

“Spontaneous Generation” and the story of Francesco Redi

“Life comes from Life”

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Freancesco redi



1.1. Cellular OrganizitionCellular Organizition

2.2. ReproductionReproduction

3.3. MetabolismMetabolism

4.4. HomeostasisHomeostasis

5.5. HeredityHeredity

6.6. ResponsivenessResponsiveness

7.7. Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

Properties of LifeProperties of Life



1. Cellular Organization1. Cellular Organization

All living things are made All living things are made of cells of cells (i.e. cell theory) (i.e. cell theory)

OrganismsOrganisms can be: can be:

1.1. Single-celledSingle-celled

2.2. Multi-celledMulti-celled

Biological Biological hierarchyhierarchy (rank / order) (rank / order)

* Put in order from * Put in order from smallestsmallest to to largestlargest::

Biological HierarchyBiological Hierarchy

Organ, Cell, Molecule, Tissue, Organ, Cell, Molecule, Tissue, Organism, Atom, and OrganelleOrganism, Atom, and Organelle

Biological HierarchyBiological HierarchyAtomAtom

MoleculeMolecule

OrganelleOrganelle

CellCell

TissueTissue

OrganOrgan

OrganismOrganism

2. Reproduction2. Reproduction

A All living things can reproduce A All living things can reproduce either:either: SexuallySexually Asexually bility of organisms to make Asexually bility of organisms to make

more of their own kind (offspring)more of their own kind (offspring)

3. Metabolism3. MetabolismAll the chemical reactions in an organismAll the chemical reactions in an organism

a. Ingestiona. Ingestionb. Digestionb. Digestionc. Respirationc. Respirationd. Excretiond. Excretione. Synthesise. Synthesis

1.1. Breaking down molecules to Breaking down molecules to release their energy or raw release their energy or raw materialsmaterials

2.2. Getting EnergyGetting Energy

3.3. Getting rid of wasteGetting rid of waste

4.4. Building proteins and other Building proteins and other organic molecules for use by organic molecules for use by the organismthe organism

5.5. Inhaling Oxygen and exhaling Inhaling Oxygen and exhaling COCO22

Matching

Outhouse



Plants obtaining energy Plants obtaining energy from the sun from the sun (_______________)(_______________)

Animals obtaining Animals obtaining energy from consuming energy from consuming plants and/or other plants and/or other animals (ingestion)animals (ingestion)

NOT AN EXCLUSIVE OR COMPLETE LIST!NOT AN EXCLUSIVE OR COMPLETE LIST!

Another Example:Another Example:

Chemotrophs:Chemotrophs: (The orange stuff0 (The orange stuff0 Organisms that use Organisms that use chemical sources chemical sources (rather than (rather than sunlight) to obtain sunlight) to obtain energy. The ones energy. The ones in the photo live at in the photo live at 50-6050-60oo C. C.



4. Homeostasis4. Homeostasis

Examples:Examples: Body temperatureBody temperatureBlood sugarBlood sugar

● Maintaining a stable internal environment

● Respond to external environment and adjust

5. Heredity5. Heredity Passing traits from Passing traits from

parents to offspringparents to offspring Passed through genesPassed through genes Mutations are changes Mutations are changes

in a gene’s DNAin a gene’s DNA

Bird Brains - Clues to the origins of human language are turning up in the brains of birds.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0304/01.html

Video ClipVideo Clip



6. Responsiveness6. Responsivenessa. Stimulus: A change a. Stimulus: A change

in the environmentin the environmentb. Response: What an b. Response: What an

organism does to organism does to adjust and adapt to adjust and adapt to that change.that change.

““Fight or Flight” ReflexFight or Flight” Reflex





Pearls in OystersPearls in Oysters

7. Growth and Development7. Growth and Development

Definite Size and Definite Size and ShapeShape

Definite LifespanDefinite Lifespan QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor


Galapagos Land Tortoise Lifespan: 193 years



The world's oldest known living tree - its root system has been growing for 9,550 years. (Sweden)



Labord's Chameleon (Madagascar) has a post-hatching life span of 4 to 5 months.



One species of American Mayfly has an adult lifespan

less than five minutes



Ameoba

Cameleon - Mayfly - Ameoba

““One of these One of these things is not like things is not like the other”the other”









Cellular Structure and FunctionCellular Structure and FunctionReproductionReproductionMetabolismMetabolismHomeostasisHomeostasisHeredityHeredityEvolutionEvolution InterdependenceInterdependence

7 Themes of Biology7 Themes of Biology

EvolutionEvolution A change in inherited traits A change in inherited traits

over timeover time

Mechanisms (how it works):Mechanisms (how it works):

Mutations are original Mutations are original source of new traits (genes)source of new traits (genes)

Organisms with “beneficial” Organisms with “beneficial” genes are more likely to genes are more likely to survive and reproducesurvive and reproduce (Natural Selection)(Natural Selection)

InterdependenceInterdependence

EcologyEcology: studies : studies interdependence of interdependence of organisms organisms andand their their interactions with their interactions with their non-living environmentnon-living environment

How organisms interactHow organisms interact and and depend upon one another in a depend upon one another in a communitycommunity

Ecology studies life “beyond” the organism: Ecology studies life “beyond” the organism: populationspopulations ~ many individuals of one ~ many individuals of one

speciesspecies communitiescommunities ~ all organisms in an area ~ all organisms in an area ecosystemsecosystems ~ all organisms in an area and ~ all organisms in an area and

their environmenttheir environment

Chapter 1 “Biology and You”

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