Chapter 1 Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context Amber Gilewski Tompkins Cortland Community...
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![Page 1: Chapter 1 Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context Amber Gilewski Tompkins Cortland Community College.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56649cea5503460f949b56de/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 1Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context Amber Gilewski
Tompkins Cortland Community College
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What is a Psychological Disorder?
Psychological Dysfunction
Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning
Personal Distress
Difficulty performing appropriate and expected roles
Impairment is set in the context of a person’s background
Atypical or Not Culturally Expected Response
Reaction is outside cultural norms
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Classroom Activity: Distinguishing Normal from Abnormal Behavior
Case # 1: Tom is uncomfortable riding escalators. As a result, Tom avoids using any escalator.
Case #2: Rachel has been caught urinating in the corner of her bedroom. Is her behavior abnormal?
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Historical Ideas about Abnormal Behavior
Three Dominant Traditions
Supernatural – outside of ourselves
Biological – deals with body
Psychological – deals with mind
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The Supernatural Tradition
Deviant Behavior as a Battle of “Good” vs. Evil Caused by demonic possession, witchcraft,
sorcery
Treatments included exorcism, torture, beatings, and crude surgeries
Enlightened view – natural and treatable
The Moon and the Stars
Paracelsus and lunacy
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The Biological Tradition
Hippocrates: Abnormal Behavior as a Physical Disease
Hysteria “The Wandering Uterus”
Galen Extends Hippocrates Work
Humoral theory of mental illness
Treatments remained crude
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The 19th Century
General Paresis (Syphilis) and the Biological Link With Madness
Pasteur discovered the cause – A bacterial microorganism
Led to penicillin as a successful treatment
John Grey, Dorthea Dix, & the reformers
Bolstered the view that mental illness = physical illness
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The Development of Biological Treatments
Mental disorder treatment in 1930’s – insulin, ECT, brain surgery
Joseph Von Meduna – schizophrenia and epilepsy
Treatment of psychotic disorders in 1950’s – first effective medications
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The Psychological Tradition
•Psychosocial – social/cultural factors
•The Rise of Moral Therapy – Pinel & Pussin (France), William Tuke (England), and Benjamin Rush (U.S.)
More humane treatment of institutionalized patients
Encouraged and reinforced social interaction
• Decline of moral therapy due to beliefs about brain pathology & increase in psychiatric patients
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Psychoanalytic Theory Freudian Theory of the Structure and
Function of the Mind (Id, Ego, Superego)
Defense mechanisms (denial, displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, repression, sublimation)
Neo-Freudians – Anna Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler
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Humanistic Theory
Major Players
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Major Themes
That people are basically good
Humans strive toward self-actualization
Therapist conveys empathy and unconditional positive regard
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The Behavioral Model Derived from a Scientific Approach to the
Study of Psychopathology
Classical Conditioning
(Pavlov; Watson)
John Wolpe – systematic desensitization
B.F. Skinner – operant conditioning