Chapter 1
description
Transcript of Chapter 1
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Chapter 1
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Measuring = unitsMASS [kg]
LENGTH/DISTANCE [m]
TIME [s]
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What do these have in common?
Odd one out???
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LBS vs. KGWeight is measured in pounds
(USA)Mass is measured in kilograms 1 kg = 2.20462262 pounds1 kg = 2.2 lbs1 lb = 454 g
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MASS
50 – 75 kg
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MASS
Bumblebee bat – 1.5g – 2.0 g
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MASS
Blue whales:Newborn –2.5 tonsAvg. 100 – 120 tonsBiggest – 190 tons
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CONVERT1) your weight in lbs to mass
in kg (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)2) 190 tons to pounds
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1 mile = 1.609344 kilometers
1 mile = 1.6 km
1 yard = 0.9144 m
1 foot = 0.3408 m
1m = 3.2808 ft
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Football field in meters?What is the length of a football field in meters?
120 yards1 yard = 0.9144 m
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mph – km / h – m/s
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65 mph = 104 km/h
104 km / h to m/s
104 km = 140,000 m; 1 h = 3600 s
65 mph = 29m/s
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km / h – m/s
75 km/h = 25 m/s =
120 km/h = 12 m/s =
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SN you need to remember:
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Convert, use Scientific Notation
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Examples
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Practice 12.5 days to seconds ________________________________________3.5 km to mm ______________________________________________43 cm to km _______________________________________________22 mg to kg _______________________________________________671 kg to µg _______________________________________________8.76 x 107 mW to GW _______________________________________1.753 x 10-13 s to ps _________________________________________
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Practice
The mass of the parasitic wasp Caraphractus cintus can be as small as 5x10-6 kg. What is the mass in a)g b)mgc) µg
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PRACTICE2 dm - … mm2h 10 min - … s16 g - … micrograms0.75 km - … cm0.675 mg - …g462 µm - … cm35 km/h - … m/s
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Precision & Sig. Dig.
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LAB on Precision 1) Use the solid 1 m stick and measure the length of
the lab table 2) Use the 1 m stick marked with dm 3) Use the 1 m stick marked with cm 4) Use the actual meter stick to measure the length of
your desk. Write down the results to the maximum precision in
each case.
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SIG FIGS MADE SIMPLE
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Paci
ficPr
esen
t AtlanticAbsent
1.45014502500
0250.00
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Sig. Fig.
100 000 100. 00202 000 0.0050340 505 0.00505
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How many Sig.Figs?300 000 000 m/s3.00 ×108 m/s25.030 °C0.006 070°C
1.004 J 1.305 20 MHz
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PracticeThe value of the speed of light is
now known to be 2.997 924 58 ×108m/s.Express the speed of light in the following ways:
a) 3 SFb) 5 SFc) 7 SF
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Adding and Subtracting# of digits 0.______ (after the
decimal point) = the least precise
3345.28 + 0.2 = 3345.48 = 3345.5
57.8 – 0.567 = 52.233 = 52.2
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Multiplying and Dividing#SF (result) = the least #SF
(A*B)1.34 x 2300 = 3082 = 3.1103
#SF (result) = the least #SF (A/B)
23967 / 45 = 532.6 =5.3102
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Practice Bicyclists in the Tour de France reach speeds of 34.0 miles per hour (mi/h) on flat sections of the road. What is this speed in a) km/h and b) m/s - ?
1 mile = 1.61 km
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Practicea) find the sum of 756 g, 37.2 g, 0.83 g, and 2.5 gb) the quotient 3.2 m/ 3.563 s
c) the product of 5.67 mm ×πd) 27.54 s - 3.8 s
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Trig Review
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Physics Quantities
SCALARS – magnitude
only
VECTORS –magnitude
anddirection
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Vector vs. ScalarVelocity vs. Speed
Displacement vs. Distancev – scalar; v – vector; (typed text)
a) b) c) d)
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Comparing vectors
Which vectors have the same magnitude?
Which vectors have the same direction?
Which arrows, if any, represent the same vector?
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Adding vectors
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Subtracting vectors (+ negative)
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Subtracting vectors (“fork”)
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Check your understanding
Construct and label a diagram that shows the vector sum 2A + B. Construct and label a second diagram that shows B + 2A.
Construct and label a diagram that shows the vector sum A – B/2. Construct and label a second diagram that shows B/2 - A.
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Adding vectors
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Practice (p. 24, #24)
Vector A has a magnitude of 63 units and points due west, while vector B has the same magnitude and points due south. Find the magnitude and direction of
(a) A+B and (b) A-B . Specify the directions relative to due west.
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Practice (p. 24, #25)
(a) Two workers are trying to move a heavy crate. One pushes on the crate with a force A , which has a magnitude of 445 newtons and is directed due west. The other pushes with a force B, which has a magnitude of 325 newtons and is directed due north. What are the magnitude and direction of the resultant force A+B applied to the crate?
(b) Suppose that the second worker applies a force - B instead of . What then are the magnitude and direction of the resultant force A-B applied to the crate?
In both cases express the direction relative to due west.
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Adding vectors that are not
To add vectors that are not perpendicular to each other, we will use components.
Each vector has vertical and horizontal components, for example a has ax and ay
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Components
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Adding vectors
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To find the resultant…
We need the components
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Finding Rx and Ry
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To find the resultant…
Direction?