CHAPTER 1
description
Transcript of CHAPTER 1
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CHAPTER 1
The Modern Organization Functioning in a Global Environment
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CHAPTER OUTLINE
1.1 Business Processes and Business Process Management
1.2 Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions
1.3 The Global, Web-Based Platform
1.4 Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and IT Support
1.5 Why Are Information Systems Important to You?
1.6 The Plan of the Book
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe business processes and discuss business process management
Differentiate among data, information, and knowledge
Differentiate between information technology infrastructure and information technology architecture
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued) Describe the global business environment
and the new information technology infrastructure
Discuss the relationships among business pressures, organizational responses, and information systems
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Chapter Opening Case
Moai on Rapa Nui
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Homo Conexus
You are the most connected generation in history
You practice continuous computing You are surrounded by a personal, movable
information network
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Personal movable information network
And…..laptop in briefcase!
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1.1 Business Processes
Business Process
Business Process Management
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Example of Business Process (Figure 1.1)
The next slide shows an example of a business process: Ordering an E-ticket from an airline Web site
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Notify TravelerNotify Traveler
Receive Ticket Order
Receive Ticket Order
Reserve SeatsReserve Seats
Charge Credit CardCharge Credit Card
Confirm Flight(s)Confirm Flight(s)
Issue e-TicketIssue e-Ticket
Plan TripPlan Trip
Check FlightsCheck Flights
Submit Ticket OrderSubmit Ticket Order
Receive e-TicketReceive e-Ticket
Seats Available
Seats Available
Use Credit Card?
Use Credit Card?
Charge OK?
Charge OK?
Seats Available
?
Seats Available
?
Notify TravelerNotify Traveler
Frequent Flyer
Mileage Sufficient?
Frequent Flyer
Mileage Sufficient?
Subtract MileageSubtract Mileage
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
Traveler Airline Web Site
YES
NO
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1.2 Information Systems:Concepts and Definitions
Data Item
Information
Knowledge
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DataInformation Knowledge
Wisdom
Next?
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Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions (continued)
Information Technology Architecture
Information Technology Infrastructure
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IT Architecture of Online Travel Agency
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IT Components, IT Platform, IT Services, and IT Infrastructure
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1.3 The Global, Web-Based Platform
Best represented by the Internet and the World Wide Web
Enables us to connect, compute, communicate, collaborate, and compete everywhere and anytime
Operates without regard to geography, time, distance, and language
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The Stages of Globalization (From Thomas Friedman in The World is Flat)
Globalization 1.0 (from 1492 to 1800) Globalization 2.0 (from 1800 to 2000) Globalization 3.0 (from 2000 to the present)
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Globalization 1.0
Christopher Columbus
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Globalization 2.0 (first half)
Steam engine
Railroads
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Globalization 2.0 (second half)
OpenMoko open source smart phone
Satellites
Netbook
Fiber optics
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Globalization 3.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
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Globalization 3.0 (continued)
Schematic Map of the Internet
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Thomas Friedman’s Ten Flatteners
Fall of the Berlin Wall Netscape goes public Development of work-flow software Uploading Outsourcing Offshoring Supply Chaining Insourcing Informing The Steroids
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Fall of the Berlin Wall
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Rise of the European Union (a consequence of the Fall of the Berlin Wall)
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Netscape Goes Public
Marc Andreessen (wrote Mosaic browser and Netscape browser)
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Workflow Software
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Uploading
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The Open Source Movement (essential ingredient of uploading)
Linux
Apache Web server
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The Open Source Movement (continued)
Mozilla
Firefox
Thunderbird
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The SeaMonkey Project
Formerly the Mozilla Application Suite
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Outsourcing
Outsourcing gained momentum and “took off” with Year 2000 (Y2K) problem
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Offshoring
Call center in India
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Supply Chaining
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Insourcing
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Informing
It’s not just
There are MANY other interesting search engines as we see in Chapter 5
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The Steroids
Digital Mobile Virtual Personal
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First Steroid: Computing (processing)
TO
Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine (1822)
Ultramobile personal computer
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Computing (continued – storage)
TO
First disk storage unit by IBM (1956)Capacity: 5 megabytesSize: Refrigerator
Sony Micro Vault Thumb DriveCapacity: 2 gigabytes
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Second Steroid: Instant Messaging and File Sharing
Instant messaging (example)
File sharing (example)
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Third Steroid: Voice over Internet Protocol
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Fourth Steroid: Videoconferencing
A telepresence system in a conference room
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Videoconferencing (continued)
An individual telepresence system
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Videoconferencing and Medicine
New Zealand used Polycom, a leading vendor of telepresence systems, to provide a telemedicine application for children.
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Fifth Steroid: Computer Graphics
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Sixth Steroid: Wireless Technologies
Using cell phone in motion
Geostationary satellite
Bluetooth phone sunglasses
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The Great Convergence
We are in a convergence of three powerful, technological forces: (1) Cheap and ubiquitous computing devices (2) Low-cost, high bandwidth (3) Open standards
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The Great Convergence (continued)
In essence, we have computing everywhere and anywhere, anytime and all the time, with access to limitless amounts of information, services, and entertainment.
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The Great Convergence (continued)
We have the creation of a global, Web-enabled playing field that allows for multiple forms of collaboration – the sharing of knowledge and work – in real time, without regard to geography, distance, or, in the near future, even language.
The field now includes some 3 billion new people, formerly digitally disenfranchised.
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And the result of all this?
See the Power of Technology
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1.4 Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and IT Support
Business Pressures Market Pressures Technology Pressures Societal Pressures
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Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and IT Support
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Market Pressures
The Global Economy and
Strong Competition
The Changing Nature of the Workforce
Powerful Customers
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Technology Pressures
Technological Innovation and Obsolescence Information Overload
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Technological Innovation and Obsolescence
Innovation: Early calculator
Obsolescence: Slide Rule
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Technological Innovation and Obsolescence (continued)
Innovation: Telegraph
Obsolescence: Pony Express
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Technological Innovation and Obsolescence (continued)
Obsolescence: old phonographInnovation: iPod nano
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Technological Innovation and Obsolescence (continued)
Innovation: digital camera
Innovation: “Credit card” digital camera
Obsolescence: old analog camera
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Technological Innovation and Obsolescence (continued)
Innovation: Ford Model T
Obsolescence: Horse and Buggy
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Technological Innovation and Obsolescence (continued)
Innovation: Notebook computer with word processing software
Obsolescence: Manual typewriter
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Information Overload
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Societal Pressures
Social Responsibility Government Regulation and Deregulation Protection Against Terrorist Attacks Ethical Issues
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Green IT
See CBS video on disposal of e-waste
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Social Responsibility
One Laptop per Child initiative
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Social Responsibility (continued)
Internet over satellite in developing nations
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Social Responsibility (continued)
Bridging the Digital Divide
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Social Responsibility (continued)
Youth Computer Club in Cuba
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Social Responsibility (continued)
Cuban Youth Computer Club mobile unit
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Microlenders (IT’s About Business 1.2)
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Organizational Responses
Strategic Systems Customer Focus Make-to-Order and mass customization
See Reebok See Bodymetrics video
E-business and E-commerce
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1.5 Why Are Information Systems Important to You?
Information systems and information technologies are integral to your lives
Information systems offer career opportunities
Information systems are used by all functional areas in an organization
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Build Your Own Multinational (IT’s About Business 1.4)
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Misinformation about Information Systems Career Opportunities
Myth #1: There are no computing jobs. Myth #2: There will be no IT jobs when I
graduate. Myth #3: All IT-related jobs are moving
offshore. Myth #4: IT salaries are lower due to cheap
overseas labor.
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1.6 The Plan of This Book
The major objective of this book is to help you understand the roles of information technologies in today’s digital organizations.
The book is designed to help you think strategically about information systems
The book demonstrates how IT supports all of the functional areas of the organization
Each chapter introduces a major topic in Information Technology
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Chapter Closing Case
The Blur XC Carbon