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Business Process MethodologyChapter 1- Introduction

Prepared by:

Rao Majid ShamshadUniversity of Education, Lahore email: majidrao111@gmail.comhttp://www.bpm-ue.blogspot.com

• Collaboration of two communities:1. Business administration2. Computer science communities.

1. Researcher community2. Software community

• Business process management is influenced byconcepts and technologies from different areasof business administration and computerscience. Based on early work in organization andmanagement, business process management hasits roots in the process orientation trend of the1990s, where a new way of organizingcompanies on the basis of business processeswas proposed.

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Business Process….Definitions

• A business process is a:

“collection of activities that take one or morekinds of input and create an output that is ofvalue to the customer.” (Michael Hammer and James Champy

)

• “a set of logically related tasks performed toachieve a defined business outcome for aparticular customer or market.” (Davenport)

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Business Process• A business process consists of a set of activities

that are performed in coordination in anorganizational and technical environment. Theseactivities jointly realize a business goal. Eachbusiness process is enacted by a singleorganization, but it may interact with businessprocesses performed by other organizations.

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Business Process Management

“Business process management includes concepts, methods, and techniques to support

the design, administration, configuration, enactment, and analysis of business processes.”

• Business Process Management System“A business process management system is a

generic software system that is driven by explicit process representations to coordinate

the enactment of business processes.”

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Simple Buying-Selling Process

1. The buyer sends an order message to the reseller (Place Order activity).

2. The reseller accepts the order message in the Receive Order activity. The order information is then extracted from the message, and order processing continues.

3. The reseller sends an invoice (Send Invoice) and ships the ordered products (Ship Products).

4. The buyer receives the invoice in the Receive Invoice activity.

5. The buyer sends the payment in the Settle Invoice activity.

6. Finally, the buyer receives the ordered products in the Receive Products activity.

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Conductor of Orchestra• Business processes are performed in a single

organization by definition, the ordering ofactivities can be controlled by a business processmanagement system as a centralized softwarecomponent run by the reseller company. Thiscentralized control is very similar to a conductorwho centrally controls the musicians in anorchestra; therefore, business processes are alsocalled process orchestrations.(Chapter 4 will investigate languages to express process orchestration)

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Process Choreography

• Dancers who need to agree on a commonchoreography before the show starts. During theperformance, however, each dancer behavesautonomously but in line with his or her part inthe choreography.

• Similarly, In order to realize correct interactions,the interacting business processes need to agreeon a common choreography before they startinteracting.(Process choreographies will be discussed in detail in Chapter 5).

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Business Process Lifecycle

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1. Design and Analysis

• Surveys on business process and organizational and technical environment are conducted

• Based on those surveys Business processes are:

▫ Identified

▫ Reviewed

▫ Validated

▫ Representation by Business process models

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Design and analysis

• Based on surveys, findings, and business improvement activities;

Informal business process description is formulized by using particular business process notation (symbols).

(Chapter 4 investigates languages to express business process model)

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Design and analysis

• A lot of techniques for analyzing your model:

Validation

• Prove validity• Conform

truth or value• Declare

legally valid

Simulation

• Copy/ reproduce the appearance, character or condition

• Step by step checking

Verification

• Shouldn’t contain undesired properties

• Model must represent desired or actual process

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2. Configuration

• Implementation

▫ A lot of policies and procedures are

• Process based system Configure system according to process

• Process based system Configure process according to system

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Configuration…….”ACID”

Atomicity

All-or-nothing

Consistency

Consistence database

state

Isolation

No interference

in other transactions

Durability

Survival for future

Long life time

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Configuration……………

• Once system is configured:

▫ Test the system

Whether a software system exposes the expected behavior

▫ Additional activities

Training of employees

Migration of data in new platform (New system)

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3. Enactment

• Actual run time of the business process • Entry of real activities

▫ e.g. the receipt of an order sent by a customer

• Controls the execution▫ Execution constraints

• Monitoring components▫ Status of process e.g. : Enabled activity (green) Running activity (blue) Completed activity (grey)

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4. Evaluation

• Purpose of evaluation :

▫ Check the quality of system

▫ Adequacy of process

e.g. certain activity taking too long due to shortage of resources

▫ Improvement of business processes

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Stakeholders

• Chief Process Officer: The chief process officer isresponsible for standardizing and harmonizingbusiness processes in the enterprise.

• Business Engineer: Business engineers arebusiness domain experts responsible for definingstrategic goals of the company and organizationalbusiness processes.

• Process Responsible: Each business processmodel is assigned an individual who is responsiblefor the correct and efficient execution of all businessprocesses using this model.

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Stakeholders……….

• Process Designer: Process designers are responsible for modeling business processes by communicating with business domain experts and other stakeholders.

• Process Participant: Process participants conduct the actual operational work during the enactment of business process instances

• Knowledge Worker: Knowledge workers are process participants who use software systems to perform activities in a business process.

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Stakeholders………

• System Architect: System architects areresponsible for developing and configuring businessprocess management systems so that the configuredbusiness process management system enacts thebusiness processes in the context of the informationsystems infrastructure at hand.

• Developers: Developers are informationtechnology professionals who create softwareartifacts required to implement business processes.

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Intra-organizational Processes v/s

Process Choreographies• If there is no interaction with business processes

performed by other parties, then the businessprocess is called intra-organizational.

• Most business processes, however, interact withbusiness processes in other organizations,forming process choreographies.

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Degree of Automation

• Fully automated:

▫ no human is involved in the enactment of such a business process.

• Semi-automated

• Partially automated

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Degree of Repetition

• Highly repetitive

▫ online airline ticketing

• collaborative business processes.

▫ improving the collaboration between the persons involved is at the centre of attention,

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