Chapter 1 · PDF fileChapter 1 Scientific Study of Life ... The term biology is composed of...
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Chapter 1 Scientific Study of Life Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Child: © t14/ZUMA Press/Newscom
Transcript of Chapter 1 · PDF fileChapter 1 Scientific Study of Life ... The term biology is composed of...
Chapter 1 Scientific Study of Life
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Section 1.1
Biology is the scientific study of life.The term biology is composed of two roots:
bio = lifelogos = study of
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
Cells are the basic units of life. Every organism, or living individual, consists of one or more cells.
The Characteristics of Life
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Cells use DNA to produce proteins.
This brings up a
Question:
What is
Life?
Section 1.1
How do we know this girl is alive, and this rock is not alive?
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ATOMThe smallest chemicalunit of a type of puresubstance (element).Example: Carbon atom
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
MOLECULEA group of joined atoms.Example: DNA
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ORGANELLEA membrane-boundedstructure that has a specificfunction within a cell.Example: Chloroplast
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
CELLThe fundamentalunit of life.Example: Leaf cell
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
TISSUEA collection of specializedcells that function in acoordinated fashion.Example: Epidermis of leaf
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ORGANA structure consistingof tissues organized tointeract and carryout specific functions.Example: Leaf
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ORGAN SYSTEMOrgans connectedphysically or chemicallythat function together.Example: Abovegroundpart of a plant
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ORGANISMA single living individual.Example: One acacia tree
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ORGANISMA single living individual.Example: One acacia tree
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
POPULATIONA group of the same species of organismliving in the same place and time.Example: Multiple acacia trees
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Population: © Gregory G. Dimijian, M.D./Photo Researchers
Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
COMMUNITYAll populations that occupythe same region.Example: All populationsin a savanna
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Population: © Gregory G. Dimijian, M.D./Photo Researchers; Community: © Todd Gustafson/Danita Delimont
Section 1.1 Figure 1.2
ECOSYSTEMThe living and nonlivingcomponents of an area.Example: The savanna
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
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Ecosystem: © Manoj Shah/The Image Bank/Getty Images
Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife is organized
Figure 1.2
BIOSPHEREThe global ecosystem;the parts of the planetand its atmospherewhere life is possible.
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Population: © Gregory G. Dimijian, M.D./Photo Researchers; Community: © Todd Gustafson/Danita Delimont;
Ecosystem: © Manoj Shah/The Image Bank/Getty Images; Biosphere: © Corbis (RF)
Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife requires energy
Producers extract energyand nutrients from thenonliving environment.
Energy
from
sunlight
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife requires energy
Energy
from
sunlight
HeatConsumers obtainenergy and nutrients byeating other organisms.
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔- Homeostasis
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife maintains internal constancy
Figure 23.8
Homeostasis is the process by which a cell or organism maintains equilibrium.
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife maintains internal constancy
Figure 23.8
A thermostat is an analogy for how life maintains internal constancy.
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife maintains internal constancy
Humans have an internal thermostat that helps maintain temperature homeostasis. This woman shivers and adds clothing when she feels cold.
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife maintains internal constancy
Homeostasis is not just about temperature though. For example, organisms also fluctuate around their optimal nutrient, salt, and water balances.
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The Characteristics of LifeLife maintains internal constancy
Responds to the environment around it, often with movement.
Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔- Homeostasis✔
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔- Homeostasis✔- Reproduction, growth, and
development
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
The Characteristics of LifeLife reproduces, grows, and develops
Reproduction is either asexual or sexual.
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SEM: © Dennis Kunkel/Phototake; Palm: © Brand X Pictures/Getty Images (RF); Deer: © Corbis Animals in Action CD
• The DNA from the cell is used to build the proteins which make-up the organism.
• Over time, the organism changes based on the proteins produced.
The Characteristics of LifeLife reproduces, grows, and develops
Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔- Homeostasis ✔- Reproduction, growth, and
development ✔
The Characteristics of Life
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔- Homeostasis ✔- Reproduction, growth, and
development ✔- Evolution
The Characteristics of Life
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The Characteristics of LifeLife evolves
How is it that so many organisms seem perfectly suited to their environment?
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The Characteristics of LifeLife evolves
This snake blends into the sand.
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The Characteristics of LifeLife evolves
Snakes that blend in best catch the most prey, likely survive the longest, and reproduce the most.
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What is evolution?
• The gradual accumulation of adaptations over time.
• Adaptation = change
• Change occurs in populations over time.
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Section 1.1
All life shares five characteristics.- Organization ✔- Energy use ✔- Homeostasis ✔- Reproduction, growth, and
development ✔- Evolution ✔
The Characteristics of Life
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