CHAPTER 07

CONCLUSIONS Improvement of thick deposits of peaty clays is one of the major challenges faced

by the Sri Lankan geotechnical engineers. Different methods of improvements

such as; preloading, deep mixing and electro osmosis consolidation were tried

under laboratory conditions for the selected amorphous peat. Deep mixing method

was tried with different percentages of cement, lime and a combination of them.

Improvements achieved in compressibility characteristics and shear strength

properties were evaluated for each treatment type. Compressibility characteristics

were evaluated through results of the consolidation tests. Tests were done with

loading, unloading and reloading increments, to simulate preloading.

Preloading is seen to cause significant improvements in both primary and

secondary consolidation properties of the selected amorphous peat. Deep mixing

with cement, lime and combination of them have also shown to cause some

improvements. But a percentage of cement as high as 20% was required to

improve both primary and secondary compression of the peat or to same levels as

achieved by preloading.

Electro osmosis consolidation is also seen to cause significant improvements in

both primary and secondary consolidation properties. They are comparable with

that achieved with preloading and deep mixing with 20% cement. The increase of

shear strength of the soil due to electro osmotic consolidation was much greater

than that achieved with preloading.

However past researches done on Sri Lankan amorphous peaty clays

(Munasinghe, 2001 and Priyankara at al, 2000) have observed significant

improvement in compressibility characteristics of amorphous peaty clays with

much lower contents of cement or lime. Therefore it can be concluded that the

improvement achievable with deep mixing cannot be just related to the type of

peat and it should be evaluated through laboratory testing, in each case.

86

Electro osmosis tests with the measurement of pore water pressure gave a further

insight into the mechanism. The tests were done with a closed anode and the

negative pore water pressure development at the anode was proportional to the

voltage difference applied. The settlement achieved through Electro osmosis was

also proportional to the applied voltage difference.

Electro osmosis consolidation tests conducted with pore water pressure

measurements to reveal much information about the electro osmosis consolidation

mechanism of the peat. Due to the problems in the pore pressure measuring

system the observations did not match the theoretical prediction. It is

recommended here that further tests should be conducted with transducer capable

of measuring negative pore water pressures.

87

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91

>'«

APPENDIX - 1

92

LABORATORY VANE SHEAR TEST

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention

Amorpous Peat with 10%Cement &10%Lime (DM01/PCL10-10) 5 week Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Amorpous Peat with 10%Cement &10%Lime (DM01/PCL10-10)

Spring Deflection vs Vane Rotation Rotation Spring Diflection

Rotation trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3) 0 0 0 0 5 14 8 2

10 21 13 11 15 22 21 13 20 26 23 18 25 30 25 23 30 31 27 25 35 31 27 25 40 31 27 25

-Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

20 40 Vane Rotation

60

Strain at Failure Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear Strength(KN/m2)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 30 30 30 30 31 27 25

0.419

4.792

0.364

4.163

0.337

3.854 4.269

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention

Amorpous Peat with 15%Cement (DM03/PC15) 5 Weeks Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3)

0 0 0 0 2 0 4 3 4 0 16 18 6 0 25 25 8 0 30 30

10 5 32 31 12 16 32 31 14 24 33 32 18 31 37 38 20 31 51 48 25 33 52 52 28 54 53 53 30 54 53 53 35 55 53 53 40 56 53 53

Amorpous Peat with 15%Cement (DM03/PC15)Spring Deflection vs Vane

Rotation

- Series 1

• Series 2

-Series 3

2 0 4 0 Vane Rotation

6 0

Strain at Failure Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 50 28 28 35.333

53 58

0.75

11.904

0.697

11.063

53

0.697

7.971 10.313

> 93

Strength(KN/m2)

LABORATORY VANE SHEAR TEST

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention

Amorpous Peat with 10%Cement (DM01/PC10) 7.5 Month Vane 1 Vane 2

12.7*19.05 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3)

0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

0 22 33 60 74 82 82 80 80 80 80 80 80

0 0

27 56 70 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 77

0 0

33 69 85 90 95

102 105 114 119 122 125

Amorpous Peat with 10%Cement (DM01/PC10)Spring Deflection vs Vane

Rotation

-Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

20 40 Vane Rotation

80

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Strain at Failure 30 30 60 40 Maximum deflection 82 77 125 Maximum Torque(kgcm) 1.06 1.04 1.68 Shear Strength(KN/m2) 16.824 16.507 19.212 17.515 Mix Propotion Amorpous Peat with 15%Lime (DM02/PL15) Curing Time 7.5 Month Vane Dimention Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3)

0 0 0 0 1 8 10 8 2 10 12 11 4 12 13 13 5 13 14 13 6 14 15 14 7 15 15 15 9 16 15 16

10 16 16 17 11 17 16 18 15 18 18 20 17 20 18 21 20 20 18 21

Trial 1 Trial 2

Amorpous Peat with 15%Lime (DM01/PL15)Spring Deflection vs Vane Rotation

-Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

20 40 Vane Rotation

60

Trial 3 Strain at Failure 17 15 Maximum deflection 20 18 Maximum Torque(kgcm) 0.25 0.225 Shear Strength(KN/m2) 2.859 2.573

17 21

Average 16.333

0.2625

3.002 2.811

94

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention

Amorpous Peat with 10%Lime (DM02/PL10) 7.5 Month Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3)

0 0 0 0 1 4 3 6 2 6 4 6 3 7 6 7 4 8 6 8 6 10 8 9 8 11 8 10 9 12 9 11

10 12 10 12 11 12 10 12 12 12 11 12 17 13 12 12 20 13 12 12 40 13 12 12

Trial 1 Trial 2 Strain at Failure Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear Strength(KN/m2)

17 13

0.1625

1.858

Amorpous Peat with 10%Lime (DM01/PL10)Spring Deflection vs Vane Rotation

Cu(av)=1.763kN/m2

-Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

20 40 Vane Rotation

60

17 12

0.15

1.715

Trial 3 Average 10 14.666667 12

0.15

1.715 1.763

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention

Amorpous Peat with 5%Cement &5%Lime (DM02/PCL5-5) 7.5 Month Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1 (V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3)

0 0 0 0 1 5 6 4 2 6 7 5 3 7 8 5 4 7 9 6 6 8 10 7 8 8 11 8

10 10 12 9 11 11 12 10 13 12 12 10 14 12 12 11 19 12 12 12 20 13 12 12 26 13 13 12

Amorpous Peat with 5%Cement &5%Lime (DM02/PCL5-5)Spring Deflection vs Vane

Rotation

-Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

10 20 Vane Rotation

30

Strain at Failure Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear

Trial 1 Trial 2 20 13

Trial 3

0.1625

1.858

26 13

0.1625

1.858

Average 30 25.333333 13

0.1625

1.858 1.858

95

Strength(KN/m2)

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention Rotation Spring Diflection

Amorpous Peat with 10%Cement &10%Lime (DM02/PCL10-10) 7.5 Month Vane 2 12.7*25.4

trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3) 0 0 0 0 5 5 1 1

10 18 15 10 15 25 23 15 20 30 27 27 25 32 30 28 30 32 32 28 35 32 32 28 40 32 32 28 45 32 32 28 50 32 32 28 55 32 32 28 60 32 32 28 65 32 32 28

Trial 1 Trial 2 Strain at Failure Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear Strength(KN/m2)

25 32

0.432

4.940

Amorpous Peat with 10%Cement &10%Lime (DM01/PCL10-10)Spring Deflection vs Vane

Rotation

Cu(av)=4.735kN/m'!

•Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

20 40 Vane Rotation

60 80

Trial 3 30 32

Average 30 28.333333 28

0.432

4.940

0.378

4.323 4.735

Mix Propotion Curing Time Vane Dimention

Amorpous Peat with 5%Cement (DM02/PC5) 7.5 Month Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1(V1) Trial 2(V1) Trial 3(V3)

0 0 0 0 1 4 6 6 2 7 8 8 3 9 9 9 4 9 10 10 6 10 12 11 8 12 13 11

10 12 14 12 11 12 14 12 13 12 15 12 14 14 15 13 17 15 15 13 20 15 16 13 25 16 16 13

Trial 1 Trial 2 t Failure 25 30

Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear

16

2.287

Amorpous Peat with 5%Cement (DM02/PC5)Spring Deflection vs Vane Rotation

18

-Trial 1 -Trial 2 -Trial 3

10 20 Vane Rotation

30

17

Trial 3 Average 14 13

23

0.2 0.2125

2.430

0.1625

1.858 2.192

96

Strength(KN/m2)

Mix Propotion Amorpous Peat (DM01/PC00) Curing Time 7.5 Month Vane Dimention Vane 2 12.7*25.4

Rotation Spring Diflection trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 12 15 20 30 40

0 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

0 1 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

0) Q O) c

a

Amorpous Peat (DM01/PCL00)Spring Deflection vs Vane Rotation

f Seriesl

Series2 Series3 1 Series2 Series3 1

Cu(av)=2.192kN/m2

1 1 Cu(av)=2.192kN/m2

1

20 40 Vane Rotation

60

Strain at Failure Maximum deflection Maximum Torque(kgcm) Shear Strength(KN/m2)

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average 8 7 8 7.6667 6 7 7

0.075

0.858

0.0875

1.001

0.0875

1.001 0.953

97

A P P E N D I X - II

-<

98

V

Calculation of Pore Water Pressure for Electroosmosis Consolidation Remoulded Amorphous Peat (Potential difference 10v)

H d r = 6 1 . 9 m m vm = 1 0 V K e = 0 . 0 0 0 2 7 1 4 m2/day- V 2 k e T w V m / k h n 2 = 2 . 0 0 E + 0 0 Yw 9.81 k N / m 3

~ 1 0 . 0

m m / m i n

x = 6 1 . 9 1 m m Kh = 0 . 0 0 2 6 9 m/day keYw VAh = 9 . 9 0 E + 0 0 ~ 1 0 . 0

m m / m i n

M = ( n ) * ( m + 1 / 2 ) S i n ( M * x /L ) ( - 1 ) " 7 ( m + 1 / 2 ) 2 ( - 1 ) m * S i n ( M * x / L ) / ( m + 1 / 2 ) 2

m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5

1 . 5 7 4 . 7 1 7 . 8 5 1 0 . 9 9 1 4 . 1 3 1 7 . 2 7 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 4 . 0 0 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 1 6 - 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 - 0 . 0 3 4 . 0 0 0 . 4 4 0 . 1 6 0 . 0 8 0 . 0 5 0 . 0 3

m = 6 m = 7 m = 8 m = 9 m = 1 0 m = 1 1 m = 6 m = 7 m = 8 m = 9 m = 1 0 m = 1 1 m = 6 m = 7 m = 8 m = 9 m = 1 0 m = 1 1 m = 6 m = 7 m = 8 m = 9 m = 1 0 m = 1 1

2 0 . 4 1 2 3 . 5 5 2 6 . 6 9 2 9 . 8 3 3 2 . 9 7 3 6 . 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 0 . 0 2 - 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 - 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0 1 0 . 0

e ( - M 2 * T v ) ( - 1 ) m / ( m + 1 / 2 ) 2 * ( S i n ( M * x / L ) * (e ( - M 2 * T v ) ) U m e a s u r e d U

t 8 C v T v

m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5 m = 6 m = 7 m = 8 m = 9 m = 1 0 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5 m = 6 m = 7 m = 8 m = 9 m = 1 0

S U M m e a s u r e d U

0 . 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 4 . 0 0 0 0 . 4 4 4 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 1 4 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 9 4 . 8 4 - 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 0

0 . 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 7 0 . 9 9 8 0 . 9 8 6 0 . 9 6 1 0 . 9 2 4 0 . 8 7 8 0 . 8 2 3 0 . 7 6 2 0 . 6 9 6 0 . 6 2 8 0 . 5 6 0 0 . 4 9 2 3 . 9 9 4 0 . 4 3 8 0 . 1 5 4 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 4 4 . 7 8 - 0 . 3 4 0 . 1 2 9

0 . 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 9 9 7 0 . 9 7 1 0 . 9 2 3 0 . 8 5 4 0 . 7 7 1 0 . 6 7 8 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 4 8 5 0 . 3 9 5 0 . 3 1 3 0 . 2 4 2 3 . 9 8 7 0 . 4 3 2 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 0 7 0 0 . 0 3 8 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 2 4 . 7 3 - 0 . 4 4 0 . 7 7 1

1 .0 - 0 . 0 2 1 0 0 . 0 0 2 6 0 . 9 9 4 0 . 9 4 4 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 7 3 0 0 . 5 9 4 0 . 4 5 9 0 . 3 3 7 0 . 2 3 5 0 . 1 5 6 0 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 5 9 3 . 9 7 4 0 . 4 1 9 0 . 1 3 6 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 4 . 6 5 - 0 . 6 0 0 . 7 7 1

2 . 0 - 0 . 0 5 1 0 0 . 0 0 5 2 0 . 9 8 7 0 . 8 9 1 0 . 7 2 5 0 . 5 3 2 0 . 3 5 3 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 1 1 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 3 3 . 9 4 9 0 . 3 9 6 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 . 5 3 - 0 . 8 4 0 . 7 7 1

4 . 0 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 4 0 . 9 7 5 0 . 7 9 3 0 . 5 2 6 0 . 2 8 4 0 . 1 2 4 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 8 9 8 0 . 3 5 3 0 . 0 8 4 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 . 3 7 - 1 . 1 7 0 . 7 7 1

6 . 0 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 1 5 7 0 . 9 6 2 0 . 7 0 7 0 . 3 8 1 0 . 1 5 1 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 8 4 9 0 . 3 1 4 0 . 0 6 1 0 . 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 . 2 4 - 1 . 4 3 0 . 7 7 1

8 . 0 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 2 0 9 0 . 9 5 0 0 . 6 2 9 0 . 2 7 6 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 1 5 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 7 9 9 0 . 2 8 0 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 . 1 3 - 1 . 6 4 0 . 7 7 1

1 0 . 0 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 2 6 1 0 . 9 3 8 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 7 5 1 0 . 2 4 9 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 4 . 0 4 - 1 . 8 3 0 . 7 7 1

1 5 . 0 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 . 9 0 8 0 . 4 2 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 o.ooo 3 . 6 3 2 0 . 1 8 7 0 . 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 8 3 - 2 . 2 4 0 . 5 1 4

1 7 . 0 - 0 . 0 7 1 0 0 . 0 4 4 4 0 . 8 9 6 0 . 3 7 4 0 . 0 6 5 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 5 8 6 0 . 1 6 6 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 7 6 - 2 . 3 8 0 . 3 8 6

2 0 . 0 0 . 1 7 1 0 0 . 0 5 2 2 0 . 8 7 9 0 . 3 1 4 0 . 0 4 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 5 1 7 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 6 6 - 2 . 5 8 0 . 0 0 0

2 1 . 0 0 . 2 3 1 0 0 . 0 5 4 8 0 . 8 7 4 0 . 2 9 7 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 o.ooo 3 . 4 9 5 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 6 3 - 2 . 6 4 - 0 . 2 5 7

2 3 . 0 0 . 3 1 1 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 0 . 8 6 3 0 . 2 6 4 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 4 5 0 0 . 1 1 7 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 5 7 - 2 . 7 6 - 0 . 2 5 7

2 5 . 0 0 . 3 6 1 0 0 . 0 6 5 2 0 . 8 5 1 0 . 2 3 5 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 4 0 6 0 . 1 0 5 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 5 1 - 2 . 8 8 - 0 . 2 5 7

2 7 . 0 0 . 4 3 1 0 0 . 0 7 0 4 0 . 8 4 1 0 . 2 1 0 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 o.ooo 3 . 3 6 2 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 4 6 - 2 . 9 9 - 0 . 2 5 7

3 0 . 0 0 . 4 7 1 0 0 . 0 7 8 3 0 . 8 2 5 0 . 1 7 6 0 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 2 9 8 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 3 8 - 3 . 1 5 - 0 . 2 5 7

3 3 . 0 0 . 5 5 1 0 0 . 0 8 6 1 0 . 8 0 9 0 . 1 4 8 0 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 2 3 5 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 3 0 - 3 . 3 0 - 0 . 2 5 7

3 5 . 0 0 . 6 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 1 3 0 . 7 9 8 0 . 1 3 2 0 . 0 0 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 1 9 4 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 2 5 - 3 . 4 0 - 0 . 2 5 7

3 8 . 0 0 . 7 0 1 0 0 . 0 9 9 1 0 . 7 8 3 0 . 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 1 3 3 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 1 8 - 3 . 5 4 - 0 . 2 5 7

4 0 . 0 0 . 8 2 1 0 0 . 1 0 4 4 0 . 7 7 3 0 . 0 9 9 0 . 0 0 2 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 1 4 - 3 . 6 3 - 0 . 2 5 7

4 5 . 0 0 . 9 7 1 0 0 . 1 1 7 4 0 . 7 4 9 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 2 . 9 9 5 0 . 0 3 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 . 0 3 - 3 . 8 5 - 0 . 2 5 7

99

50.0 1.14 10 0.1305 0.725 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.900 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.92 -4.05 -0 257

56.0 1.33 10 0.1461 0.698 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.790 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.81 -4.29 -0 257 60.0 1.37 10 0.1565 0.680 0.031 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.719 0.014 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.73 -4.44 -0 257 71.0 1.51 10 0.1852 0.633 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.534 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.54 -4.82 -0 514 81.0 1.66 10 0.2113 0.594 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.376 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.38 -5.14 -0 514 88.0 1.71 10 0.2296 0.568 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.271 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.27 -5.36 -0 514

103.0 1.87 10 0.2687 0.516 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.062 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.06 -5.78 -0 514 111 2.08 10 0.2896 0.490 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.959 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.96 -5.98 -0 514

131 2.10 10 0.3418 0.431 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.723 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.72 -6.46 -0 514

136 2.15 10 0.3548 0.417 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.668 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.67 -6.57 -0 514 171 2.35 10 0.4461 0.333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.332 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.33 -7.24 -0 643 191 2.52 10 0.4983 0.293 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.171 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.17 -7.56 -0 771 209 2.61 10 0.5453 0.261 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.043 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.04 -7.82 -0 771 271 3.06 10 0.7070 0.175 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.700 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.70 -8.50 -0 771 396 3.33 10 1.0332 0.078 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.313 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.31 -9.28 -0 643 441 3.43 10 1.1506 0.059 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.235 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.23 -9.44 -0 771 501 3.49 10 1.3071 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.160 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.16 -9.59 -0 900

1261 3.60 10 3.2900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 900 1351 3.60 10 3.5248 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -1 028 1626 3.60 10 4.2423 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -1 157 1856 3.72 10 4.8424 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -1 157

2691 3.76 10 7.0209 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -1 157 2946 3.78 10 7.6862 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -1 157

4081 3.78 10 10.6474 4E-12 3E-103 1E-285 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 900 4131 3.82 10 10.7779 3E-12 1E-104 4E-289 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 900 4251 3.82 10 11.0910 1E-12 1E-107 2E-297 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 514

4361 3.82 10 11.3780 7E-13 2E-110 3E-305 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 514

4591 3.82 10 11.9780 2E-13 4E-116 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 514

5751 3.82 10 15.0045 9E-17 3E-145 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 514

10041 3.82 10 26.1972 9E-29 4E-253 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 -9.90 -0 514

1 0 0

V

Calculation of Settlement for Electroosmosis Consolidation Remoulded Amorphous Peat (Potential difference 10v)

61.9 mm kN/m'

10 mm2/min

61.91 mm 3.82 mm

M = (7t/2)*(2m+1) (-1)m/(m+1/2)3

m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 1.57 4.71 7.85 10.99 14.13 17.27 8.00 -0.30 0.06 -0.02 0.01 -0.01

m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m=11 m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m=11 20.41 23.55 26.69 29.83 32.97 36.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0

t meas C„ T„ e(-M2*Tv) ( 4 /(7iM)3)*((-1)m/(m+1/2)3(e (-M2*Tv))—--(A) SUM U=1-

Sum St=S*U t ured 8

C„ m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 of (A) (A)

St=S*U

0 0.00 10 0.0000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.034 -0.04 0.008 0.00 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.001 0.00 -0.005 0.25 0.00 10 0.0007 0.998 0.986 0.961 0.924 0.878 0.823 0.762 0.696 0.628 0.560 0.492 1.032 -0.04 0.008 0.00 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.000 0.000 0.000

0.5 0.00 10 0.0013 0.997 0.971 0.923 0.854 0.771 0.678 0.581 0.485 0.395 0.313 0.242 1.030 -0.04 0.008 0.00 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.999 0.001 0.004 1 -0.02 10 0.0026 0.994 0.944 0.851 0.730 0.594 0.459 0.337 0.235 0.156 0.098 0.059 1.027 -0.04 0.007 0.00 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.996 0.004 0.014 2 -0.05 10 0.0052 0.987 0.891 0.725 0.532 0.353 0.211 0.114 0.055 0.024 0.010 0.003 1.020 -0.03 0.006 0.00 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.991 0.009 0.034 4 -0.07 10 0.0104 0.975 0.793 0.526 0.284 0.124 0.044 0.013 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.000 1.007 -0.03 0.004 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.981 0.019 0.074 6 -0.07 10 0.0157 0.962 0.707 0.381 0.151 0.044 0.009 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.994 -0.03 0.003 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.970 0.030 0.114

8 -0.07 10 0.0209 0.950 0.629 0.276 0.080 0.015 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.982 -0.02 0.002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.960 0.040 0.154 10 -0.07 10 0.0261 0.938 0.561 0.200 0.043 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.969 -0.02 0.002 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.949 0.051 0.194

15 -0.07 10 0.0391 0.908 0.420 0.090 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.939 -0.02 0.001 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.923 0.077 0.293 17 -0.07 10 0.0444 0.896 0.374 0.065 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.927 -0.01 0.001 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.913 0.087 0.333 20 0.17 10 0.0522 0.879 0.314 0.040 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.909 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.897 0.103 0.393 21 0.23 10 0.0548 0.874 0.297 0.034 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.903 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.892 0.108 0.413

23 0.31 10 0.0600 0.863 0.264 0.025 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.892 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.882 0.118 0.452

25 0.36 10 0.0652 0.851 0.235 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.880 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.871 0.129 0.492

27 0.43 10 0.0704 0.841 0.210 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.869 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.861 0.139 0.531 30 0.47 10 0.0783 0.825 0.176 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.852 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.846 0.154 0.590 33 0.55 10 0.0861 0.809 0.148 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.836 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.830 0.170 0.648

35 0.60 10 0.0913 0.798 0.132 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.825 -0.01 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.820 0.180 0.687

38 0.70 10 0.0991 0.783 0.111 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.810 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.805 0.195 0.744

40 0.82 10 0.1044 0.773 0.099 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.799 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.795 0.205 0.782

45 0.97 10 0.1174 0.749 0.074 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.774 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.771 0.229 0.875

50 1.14 10 0.1305 0.725 0.055 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.749 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.747 0.253 0.965 56 1.33 10 0.1461 0.698 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.721 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.720 0.280 1.071

101

60 1.37 10 0.1565 0.680 0.031 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.703 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.702 0 298 1.140 71 1.51 10 0.1852 0.633 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.655 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.654 0 346 1.321 81 1.66 10 0.2113 0.594 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.614 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.614 0 386 1.476 88 1.71 10 0.2296 0.568 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.587 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.587 0 413 1.579

103 1.87 10 0.2687 0.516 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.533 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.533 0 467 1.785 111 2.08 10 0.2896 0.490 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.506 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.506 0 494 1.886 131 2.10 10 0.3418 0.431 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.445 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.445 0 555 2.120 136 2.15 10 0.3548 0.417 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.431 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.431 0 569 2.173 171 2.35 10 0.4461 0.333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.344 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.344 0 656 2.505 191 2.52 10 0.4983 0.293 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.303 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.303 0 697 2.664 209 2.61 10 0.5453 0.261 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.270 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.270 0 730 2.790 271 3.06 10 0.7070 0.175 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.181 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.181 0 819 3.129 396 3.33 10 1.0332 0.078 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.081 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.081 0 919 3.511 441 3.43 10 1.1506 0.059 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.061 0 939 3.588 501 3.49 10 1.3071 0.040 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.041 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.041 0 959 3.663

1261 3.60 10 3.2900 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.819 1351 3.60 10 3.5248 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.819 1626 3.60 10 4.2423 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 1856 3.72 10 4.8424 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 2691 3.76 10 7.0209 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 2946 3.78 10 7.6862 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 4081 3.78 10 10.6474 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 4131 3.82 10 10.7779 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 4251 3.82 10 11.0910 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 4361 3.82 10 11.3780 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 4591 3.82 10 11.9780 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820 5751 3.82 10 15.0045 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820

10041 3.82 10 26.1972 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1 000 3.820

1 0 2

Calculation of Pore Water Pressure for Electroosmosis Consolidation with Direct Load Remoulded A m o r p h o u s Peat (Potential Di f ference 10v + Preloading 40kN/m 2 )

66.3 nun v„ = 10 V Kc = 0.0OO27I mVday-V 2 k . t . V n / k k p I = 2.000 r- 1 9.81 kN/m3 |U„= 40 kN/m"

C , = 1 0 0 x = 66.26 nun Kh = 0.003 m/day k.r. V A 9.905

C , = rnmVrruii

M = (x) ' (m+l/2) Sin (M* x/L) (-1 )°/(m+l/2) ' ( - l p S t o ( M ' x / L ) / ( m + l / 2 ) ! 2U0 /M S in ( M * Z/Hdr) * 2Uo/M

m = 0 m ° 1 m = m = 3 m=4 m=5 m = o | m = l | m = 2 | m = 3 | m=4 | m=5 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m-5 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 m = fjrn = ( m = 2 |m = 3] m=41 m=5 m = f j m = l | m = ^ m = j |m=4 |m=5 1.57 4.71 7.9 10.99 14.13 17.27 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 4.00 -0.44 0.16 -0.08 0.05 -0.03 4.00 0.44 0.16 0.08 0.05 0.03 51.0 17.0 10.19 7.28 5.66 4.63 51.0 -17 10.2 -7.3 5.7 -4.6

m=6 m=7 m=l m=9 m=10 m=ll m=6 | m=7 | m=8 | m=9 | ra=lo| m=ll m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m=ll m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m=ll m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m = l C m = l l m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=lC m = l l

20.41 23.55 27 29.83 32.97 36.11 0.9999 -1 1 -1 1 -1 0.02 -O.02 0.01 •0.0] 0.01 0 0 0.02 0.02 0 01 0.01 0.01 0.0 3.92 3.40 3.00 2.68 2.43 2.22 3.92 -3.40 3.00 -2.68 2.43 -2.22

i d c . T, e ( - M ! T v ) (-1 f/(m+ l/2) ! ' (Sin (M* x/L) •(<: ( -M 1 - Tv)) (Sin (M* Z/Hdr) • 2Uo/M)-(e( -M I , Tv)) Teraghi EO u measu

red u i d c . T,

m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m = 3 m=4 m=5 m=6 ro-7 m=8 m=9 m=10 m = 0 m = 1 m = 2 m ° 3 m=4 m=5 m=6 m=7 m=8 m=9 m=»IO SUM-o SUM u

u measu red u

0.0 0.00 10 0.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.000 0.444 0.160 0.082 0.049 0.033 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 50.96 -17.0 10.2 -7.28 5.66 -4.63 3.92 -3.40 3.00 -2.68 2.43 41.18 4.84 -0.22 40.96 32.77

0.3 0.03 10 0.001 0.999 0.987 0.966 0.934 0.893 0.844 0.79 0.73 0.67 0.60 0 54 3.994 0.439 0.154 0.076 0.044 0.028 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 50.88 -16.8 9.84 -6 80 5.05 -3.91 3.09 -2.48 2.00 -1 62 1.31 40.60 4.79 -0.33 40.28 32.77

0.5 O i l 10 0.001 0.997 0.975 0.932 0.871 0.797 0.712 0.62 0.53 0.44 0.36 0.29 3.989 0.433 0.149 0.071 0.039 0.024 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 o.oo 50.81 -16.6 9.50 -6.34 4.51 -3.30 2.44 -1.81 1.33 -0.97 0.70 40.31 4.74 -0.42 39.90 32.77

1.0 2.34 10 0.002 0.994 0.951 0.869 0.759 0 635 0.507 0.39 0 2 8 0.20 0 13 0.08 3.978 0.423 0.139 0.062 0.031 0 017 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 o.oo 50.67 -16.1 8 86 -5.53 3.59 -2.35 1.52 -0.96 0.59 -0.35 0.20 40.09 4.67 -0.57 39.53 32.77

2.0 2.66 10 0.005 0.989 0.904 0.755 0.577 0.403 0.257 0.15 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.01 3.955 0.402 0.121 0.047 0.020 0.008 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.39 -15.4 7.70 -4.20 2.28 -1.19 0.59 -0.27 0.12 -0.05 0.02 40.02 4.56 -0.79 39.24 31 36

4.0 3.66 10 0.009 0.978 0.817 0.570 0.333 0.162 0.066 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.911 0.363 0.091 0.027 0.008 0.002 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 49.82 -13.9 5.81 -2.42 0.92 -0.31 0.09 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.02 4.40 -1.10 38.92 33.41

8.0 3.97 10 0.018 0.956 0.667 0.325 0.1 II 0.026 0.004 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.824 0.297 0.052 0.009 0.001 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 48.72 -11.3 3.32 -0.81 0.15 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.02 4.18 -1.54 38.48 31.61

10.0 4.18 10 0.023 0.945 0.603 0.246 0.064 0 011 0.001 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 3.782 0.268 0.039 0.005 0.001 0.000 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.17 -10.2 2.50 -0.46 0.06 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.02 4.09 -1.71 38.31 31.36

15.0 4.67 10 0.034 0.919 0.469 0.122 0.016 0.001 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.677 0.208 0.019 0 001 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 46.84 -8.0 1.24 -0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.01 3.91 -2.09 37.92 31.23

20.0 5.02 10 0.046 0.894 0.364 0.060 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.575 0.162 0.010 0.000 o.ooo 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 45.54 -6.2 0.62 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.95 3.75 -2.41 37.54 30.84

25.0 5.37 10 0.057 0.869 0.283 0.030 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.476 0.126 0.005 0.000 0.000 oooo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.28 -4.80 0.31 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 ooo 39.78 3.61 -2.69 37.09 29.94

30.0 6.08 10 0.068 0.845 0.220 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.380 0.098 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0 0 0 43.06 -3.73 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 39.48 3.48 -2.94 36.53 29.43

40.0 6.63 10 0.091 0.799 0.133 0.004 0.000 0 000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.195 0.059 0.001 o.ooo 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.71 -2.25 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 38.49 3.25 -3.39 35.10 28.79

50.0 7.25 10 0.114 0.755 0.080 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.021 0.036 0.000 o.ooo 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.48 -1.36 0.01 O.OO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.13 3.06 -3.79 33.34 25.96

62.0 8.04 10 0.141 0.706 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.824 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.98 -0.74 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.24 2.84 -4.22 31.02 26.22

70.0 8.35 10 0.159 0.675 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.700 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.40 -0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.90 2.71 -4.48 29.42 25.83

86.0 8.72 10 0.196 0.617 0.013 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.468 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.44 -0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.22 2.47 -4.96 26.26 25.70

93.0 9.70 10 0.212 0.593 0 0 0 9 0.000 0.000 0.000 o.ooo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 2.373 0.004 0.000 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.23 -0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.07 2.38 -5.15 24.92 26.09

116.0 10.03 10 0.2S4 0.521 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.086 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.57 -0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.52 2.09 -5.73 20.79 25.19

151.0 11.06 10 0.344 0.428 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.713 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 21.83 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.82 1.71 -6.48 15.34 22.10

173.0 11.81 10 0.394 0.379 0 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.514 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.29 1.51 -6.88 12.41 16.06

196.0 12.35 10 0.446 0.333 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.331 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.95 1.33 -7.24 9.71 9.77

210.0 12.77 10 0.478 0.308 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 230 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 15.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.67 1.23 -7.44 8.23 6.17

234.0 13.19 10 0.533 0.269 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.075 0.000 0.000 0.000 o.ooo 0.000 0.00 0 0 0 0.00 o.oo 0.00 13.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.70 1.08 -7.75 5.94 6.17

260.0 13.46 10 0.592 0.232 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.929 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0 0 0 11.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.84 0.93 -8.05 3.79 5.91

269.0 13.57 10 0.613 0.221 0.000 0.000 0.000 o.ooo 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.883 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.25 0.88 -8.14 3.12 5.65

361.0 14.46 10 0.822 0.132 0.000 0,000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.527 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 6.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.71 0.53 -8.85 -2.1 2.70

1429 17.24 10 3.255 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.26

1504 17.30 10 3.43 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.26

1614 17.31 10 3.68 0 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.01 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.39

1734 17.33 10 3.95 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.51

1879 17.39 10 4.28 o.ooo o.ooo 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.51

2880 17.78 10 6.56 0.000 0 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.51

3194 17.81 10 7.27 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 o.ooo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.51

4614 17.87 10 10.51 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.51

8629 18.30 10 19.65 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 -0.51

10629 10 24.21 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 000 0.000 0.000 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 - 9 9 0.00

'12629 10 28.77 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 o.oo 0.00 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9.90 -9.9 0.00

1 0 3