Chapter 05 Introduction to Design

8/11/2019 Chapter 05 Introduction to Design

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Chapter 4

Understanding

Computers


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Flowchart Example

Define the

problem

Read

input

Solve the

problem

Can I

solve this?

Output

results

What do I need

to know?

Ask for

more input

Can I

solve this?

yes

no

Not available

at this time

yes

no

Begin

(again?)

End


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FlowchartSymbols

Input/Output

Start/Stop

Branch Test

Calculation

Process Flow


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Note...

1 or 2 of the following 4 flow chartswill appear on the next exam. 2 arevery similar to the homework.


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Example

Sketch a simple flowchart that will findthe sum of two number and theirdifference.


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Example

Each month, the electric company bills consumersaccording to the following schedule:

Electricity Usage (kWh) Rate ($/kWh)Energy 1000 0.10

1000 < Energy 10000 0.08

Energy > 10000 0.06

Prepare a flowchart that calculates the bill for acustomer.


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Start

Example: Prepare a flowchartthat determines the volumeand area of a cube in whichthe length of one edgeincreases from 1 to 10 metersin 1 meters increments.

a = 1

V=a3

A=6a2

a = a+1

a>10?No

Yes

Output V, A

Stop


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Start

Example: Sketch a flowchartthat will find the smallest

number in a series of 100numbers.

I = 1

Min=N

I = I+1

Yes

Input N

Stop

Output Min

N100?

No

No

Yes


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Chapter 5

Introduction to

Design


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Project OneHints for your Notes


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SpaceShipOne captured X Prize


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Drag Force 2D kvF

The slope of FDversus v2will give us k.

2

pD AvC2

1F

Cp= Drag coefficient

= density of airA= cross sectional area of the object

v= speed of the object


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Project One Hints

Speed = Distance/Time

12

12

tt

ddv

Acceleration = Dv/Dt

12

12

tt

vva


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Drag Forceon the way up?

Free Body Diagram

maF

FDFg

maFF Dg

gD FmaF

mgmaFD

)ga(mFD


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Drag Forceon the way down?

Free Body Diagram

maF FD

Fg

maFF Dg

gD FmaF

mgmaFD

)ga(mFD


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Drafting


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Engineering Drawing Skills

Lettering

Line Types

Orthographic Views

Patience


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Orthographic Projection

Orthographic drawingsrepresent threedimensional objects in

three separate viewsarranged in a standardmanner.


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Converting to Orthographic


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Orthographic Views


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Line Types

Visible Line

Hidden Line

Center Line

Dimension Line

Construction Line


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Line Types


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Sketching Techniques


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Engineering Drawing Rules

Always use a Pencil.

Make all lettering the same size.

Use Engineering or Drafting Paper.


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Single Stroke Gothic Lettering


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Drafting Handouts


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Lettering with Fractions


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Sketching techniques

Use very light construction lines

Box in the rough outline of the object

Darken only the lines you wish to keep

Clean up the edges and rough spots


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Orthographic Drawings

Class 2.2: Multi-view 2D Drawings


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ReadinessAssessment Test 2.2.1

As a team, respond to the followingquestion. You will be given 4 minutes:

Name the six principal orthographicviews.


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Individually respond to the followingquestion. You will be given 2 minutes:

Name the six principal orthographicviews.


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Learning Objectives

Name the three principle projectionplanes and what dimensions eachshows

Sketch Top, Front, and Right Side viewsof simple objects

Know the correct pattern and line

weight for visible, center, and hiddenlines


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2 Dimensional projections onOrthogonal planes

Show lines based on change of plane orchange of material

Use multiple linetypesVisible

Hidden

Center


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Describing an Angle Bracket

A relatively simpleobject

Pictorial view maybe difficult


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Glass Box concept

Envision the objectsurrounded in aglass box

Project the viewsout onto the piecesof glass

Each pane shows a2D projection of theobject


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Projection Planes

The three panes of glass represent theprincipal orthographic planes

Horizontal Frontal

Profile

Each plane illustrates two of the

principal dimensions: Height, Width,and Depth


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Class Exercise

As a team you have 3 minutes todiscuss the following:

What dimensions are contained on eachof the principal projection planes?


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Completed Orthographics


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The Glass Box Approach


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Opening the Box


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Final Views


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Six Orthographic Views


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Laying Out All Six Views


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Three Primary Views


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View Selection

If the object has anobvious top, then itmust be the top view

Minimize the number ofhidden lines

Use the mostdescriptive view as thefront view

Conserve space bychoosing the depth tobe the smallestdimension


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Precedence of Lines


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Construction of Views

Must align orthographic views

Width appears in Top and Front

Height appears in Front and SideDepth appears in Side and Top

Height and width project directly

Depth must be projected via a 45angle


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Construction of Views


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Linetypes

Visible

Hidden

CenterConstruction


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Think-Pair-Share

In the next 1 minute as an Individual

if you could ask a question . . . specifically what dontyou understand about todays topic what would it be.

[at least 3 items should be listed]Now take 2 minutes

to merge your list with the person sitting next to youAND add 1 new item to the list

In the next 5 minutes

share the results with the other half of your team,delete questions that you can answer for each other,

AND prioritize the remaining questions your list


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Team Exercise

Draw three orthographic views of atombstone. Remember to include all

lines: visible, hidden, and center, whereappropriate

Add a bullet hole (large caliber)

concentric with the top arc. Adjust theviews for this new feature.


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Tombstone Solution


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Team Exercise

Complete three orthographic views ofthe object shown on the next slide.

Include visible, hidden, and center lineswhere appropriate.

Use the grid paper in the back of your

book or your engineering sketch pad.You will be given 7 minutes.


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Object for exercise


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Solution


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Solution


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PostAssessment Test 3.2.1

Use a clean sheet ofpaper to sketchorthographic viewsof the object.

You will be given 5minutes to complete

the drawingindividually


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PostAssessment Test 3.2.1

Use a clean sheet ofpaper to sketchorthographic viewsof the object.

You will be given 5minutes to complete

the drawingindividually


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Individually respond to the followingquestion. This is a closed book test.

You will have 2 minutes:Name the three types of pictorialdrawings.


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As a team respond to the followingquestion. You will have 2 minutes:

Name the three types of pictorialdrawings and what qualities make eachunique.


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Learning Objectives

Sketch pictorials of an object (either obliqueor isometric) given orthographic views of theobject

Select the best orientation of an objectshown in pictorial

Define what makes a drawing a: cavalier

oblique, cabinet oblique, general oblique,isometric, axonometric, perspective, ororthographic views


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Pictorial

A three dimensional pictorial is adrawing that shows an objects three

principal planes, much as they would becaptured by a camera

Sometimes they are called Technical

Illustrations


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Types

Obliques

Cavalier

CabinetAxonometrics

Isometrics

OthersPerspectives


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Types

Obliques

Cavalier

CabinetAxonometrics

Isometrics

OthersPerspectives


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Cavalier Oblique

Front view true size

Receding Axis Angle(Normally 30, 45or 60) is Variable

Depth dimension(receding axis) true

size


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Cabinet Oblique

Front view true size

Receding Axis Angle(Normally 30, 45or 60) is Variable

Depth dimension(receding axis) half

size


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Which is the cube ?


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Were you right?


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Angles in Oblique

Angles in front vieware drawn true size

Other angles mustbe located usingcoordinates

Appearance of

angles may bedistorted


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Circles in Oblique

Drawn true size infront view

Drawn as ellipses onreceding planes

Layout using aRhombus


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Cylinders in Oblique

Front and Backsurfaces are circular

Sides are drawn aslines tangent to thefront and back


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Exercise

Sketch an Oblique of a classicaltombstone. Add a bullet hole through

the stone.


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Types of Axonometrics


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Orientation of Pictorial Objects


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Isometrics

Axes equally separated(120)

H, W, and D

measurements are truesize along iso. axes

Angles must be locatedby coordinates

Circles appear asellipses on all surfaces


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Isometric Circles & Angles

I t i Elli


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Isometric Ellipses


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The Isometric Ellipse Template


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Using the Ellipse Template


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Drawing Rounded Corners


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Construction of Cylinders

Lightly block in thecylinder


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Sketch the upperand lower ellipses


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Connect the ellipseswith Tangent lines


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Connect the ellipseswith Tangent lines

Darken the lines


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Types of Perspectives


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Pencil Techniques

The best pencil forlettering on mostsurfaces are the H,

F, and HB grades.Hold your pencil inthe position shown.It should make

approximately a 60o

angle with thepaper.

L tt i


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Lettering

The style of engineering lettering wewill use in this course is Single Stroke

Gothic LetteringAn example of the characters is shown on

drawing numbers 1 and 2

Notice that only capital letters are

demonstrated, since we will use onlycapital letters on drawings


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Team Meeting for Project One

You will meetwith your teammembers andyour instructor

at the dateand timeselected inroom 315.

Monday 1:00-2:00PM Epsilon (Done)

2:00-3:00PM Omega (Done)

Tuesday 3:00-4:00PM Delta

4:00-5:00PM IotaWednesday 1:00-2:00PM Beta

2:00-3:00PM Gamma

4:00-5:00PM Alpha


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Chapter 05 Introduction to Design

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 05 Introduction to Design