Chapter 035 LO

5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

1/32

Dental Handpiecesand Accessories

Chapter 35

Copyright 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

2/32

Chapter 35

Lesson 35.1


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

3/32

Learning Objectives

Pronounce, define, and spell the Key Terms.

Discuss the historical importance of the

dental handpiece.

Describe the low-speed handpiece and itsuse in dentistry.

Describe the attachments used on the low-

speed handpiece.

Describe the high-speed handpiece and its

uses.

Review other handpieces used in dentistry.

(Contd)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

4/32

Learning Objectives

Contd)

Identify dental handpieces and correctly attach them

to the dental unit.

Describe rotary instruments and how they are used.

List the parts of a bur. Give the composition, shape, and use of the carbide

and diamond burs.

Identify accessories and correctly attach them to the

low-speed handpiece. Identify rotary cutting instruments and correctly attach

them to the appropriate dental handpiece or

attachment.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

5/32

IntroductionRotary instruments are used to complete

different functions in the cutting, polishing,and finishing of tooth structure

and the restoration process


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

6/32

The Evolution of Rotary Equipment

1940s

Introduction of rotary instruments

Belt-driven handpiece

Development of diamond cutting burs 1950s

Invention of tungsten carbide

Development of the air-driven turbine handpiece


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

7/32

Dental HandpieceThe handpiece is the most frequently used

piece of machinery in dentistry. It provides

power to a rotary instrument that is used tocomplete the actual cutting or

polishing of tooth structure

and castings.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

8/32

Low-Speed Handpiece

Design

Straight in appearance

Standard length and shorty

Speeds range from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations perminute (rpm).

Powers the rotary instrument in both a forward

and a backward motion


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

9/32

Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.(From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

10/32

Uses of the Low-Speed Handpiece

Clinical Removal of soft decay and finishing of cavity

preparations

Finishing and polishing of restorations

Coronal polishing and removal of stains Porcelain adjustments

Root canal treatment

Laboratory

Trimming and contouring of temporary crowns

Trimming and relining of removable partials and

dentures

Trimming and contouring of orthodontic

appliancesCopyright 2009, 2006 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

11/32

Low-Speed Attachments

Straight attachments

Long-shank laboratory bur

Prophylaxis angle attachments

Contraangle attachment Latch-type rotary instruments

Mandrel


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

12/32

Prophylaxis Angle

Used during polishing procedures to hold theprophylaxis cup and bristle brush

Two types

Plastic disposable prophy angle

Metal prophy angle


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

13/32

Fig. 35-5 Disposable prophy cup and brush.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

14/32

High-Speed Handpiece

Design

One-piece unit with a slight curve

Operated by air pressure

Operates at speeds as high as 450,000 rpm Maintains a water-coolant system

Friction-grip locking system for rotary instruments

Fiberoptic lighting


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

15/32

Fig. 35-6 High-speed handpiece.(From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

16/32

Uses of the High-Speed Handpiece

Removal of decay

Removal of old or faulty restorations

Reduction of the crown portion of a tooth in

preparation for a crown or bridge Preparation of an outline and retention

grooves for a new restoration

Finishing or polishing of a restoration

Sectioning of a tooth during a surgery


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

17/32

Ultrasonic Handpiece

DesignAttaches to the dental unit

Powered by electricity

Primarily used for prophylaxis appointmentsAttachments similar in appearance to scaling

instruments

Delivers a pulsating spray of water


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

18/32

Fig. 35-9 Ultrasonic handpiece.(From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

19/32

Uses of the Ultrasonic Handpiece

Removal of calculus

Removal of stains

Removal of bonding materials from the tooth

surface after orthodontic appliances areremoved

Removal of cement after orthodontic bands

are removed


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

20/32

Laser Handpiece

Design Laser light beam, conducted through a fiberoptic

cable, instead of rotary instruments

Resemblance to a standard handpiece

Water-coolant system

Air-coolant system(Contd)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

21/32

Laser Handpiece

(Contd)

Uses

Cauterizing soft tissue

Vaporizing decayed tooth structure

Advantages

Usually painless

Generally no need for anesthesia

Speed of procedure Disadvantage

Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

22/32

Air-Abrasion Handpiece

Design Small version of a sandblaster

High-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles

through a small probe

Uses Preparation of teeth for sealants

Removal of external stains

Class I through class VI preparations

Endodontic access

Crown margins

Preparation of the a tooth surface for the cementation

of a cast restoration (e.g., crown or veneer)(Contd)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

23/32

Air-Abrasion Handpiece

(Contd)

Uses

Preparation of teeth for sealants

Removal of external stains

Class I through class VI preparations

Endodontic access

Crown margins

Preparation of the tooth surface for thecementation of a cast restoration (e.g., a crown or

veneer)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

24/32

Laboratory Handpiece

Design Operates at speeds as high as 20,000 rpm

Uses laboratory burs

Greater torque than that of handpieces used

intraorally


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

25/32

Handpiece Maintenance

General considerations Wear personal protective equipment and follow

universal precautions.

Clean debris from the external surface.

Clean the internal components of the handpiece.

Handpiece must be dry before being packaged.

Wrap the handpiece for sterilization.

Sterilize the handpiece. Wipe the light port on the fiber-optic with an

alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

26/32

Chapter 35

Lesson 35.2


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

27/32

Learning Objectives

Describe rotary instruments and how they areused.

List the parts of a bur.

Give the composition, shape, and use of thecarbide and diamond burs

Identify accessories and correctly attach them

to the low-speed handpiece.

Identify rotary cutting instruments and

correctly attach them to the appropriate

dental handpiece or attachment.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

28/32

Rotary Cutting Instruments

Three basic parts to a rotary instrument Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece.

Straight shank

Latch type shank

Friction grip shank

Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that

connects the shank and the head.

Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

29/32

Fig. 35-13 Bur parts and types of shanks: A, Long straight lab.

B, Latch-type. C, Friction grip.(From Robinson D, Bird D: Essentials of dental assisting, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders.)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

30/32

Dental Burs

Rotary instruments with sharp cutting head.

Uses

Tooth preparation.

Excavation of decay. Finishing cavity walls.

Finishing restoration surfaces.

Taking out old fillings.

Finishing crown preparations. Separating crowns and bridges.

Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries.


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

31/32

Fig. 35-15 Finishing rotary instruments(Courtesy Miltex, Inc, York, Pennsylvania.)


5/24/2018 Chapter 035 LO

32/32

Fig. 35-16 Abrasive materials for rotary instruments.(D, From Boyd L: Dental Instruments: A Pocket Guide, ed 3, St. Louis, 2009, Saunders.)

Chapter 035 LO

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 035 LO