Chapter 01 What is Biomechanics Notes

8/7/2019 Chapter 01 What is Biomechanics Notes

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APK 3220: Biomechanics


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Biomechanics

Kinesiology

Mathematics

Physics Anthropology

Anatomy

Exercise science

Engineering mechanics

Physiology


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Goals of Chapter 1

Define Biomechanics and the areas of mechanics.

Understand formal and informal problems.

Understand qualitative and quantitative problems.

Know the 11 steps to solving formal problems.


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The Language of Biomechanics

____________ - study of human movementfrom the perspectives of art and science

KinesiologyKinesiology

Athletic trainingAthletic trainingExerciseExercise

physiologyphysiology

Adapted physicalAdapted physical

educationeducationBiomechanicsBiomechanics

Sport psychologySport psychologySport philosophySport philosophy

Motor behaviorMotor behavior

Sport artSport art

PedagogyPedagogySport historySport history


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T

he Language of Biomechanics ______________________ - theapplication of mechanical

principles in the study of living

organisms________ - living

_________________ - the branch

of physics that analyzes the actionsof forces on particles and mechanicalsystems


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Building a Toolbox

A biomechanist needs tools to solve human

movement problems


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Tools of Mechanics

Statics

Dynamics

Kinematics Kinetics


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Tools: Mechanics

- branch of mechanics dealing

with systems in a constant state of motion (i.e. zero

acceleration)

stop sign or cruise control

- branch of mechanics dealing

with systems subject to acceleration

drag race


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Tools: Divisions of Mechanics

- study of the description

of motion, including considerations of space

and time

displacement, velocity, acceleration

- study of the action of

forces pushes or pulls


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Kinetics ofKinetics of

motionlessmotionless

systemssystems

KinematicsKinematics KineticsKinetics

ConstantConstant

velocityvelocity

systemssystems

StaticsStatics

KinematicsKinematics KineticsKinetics

DynamicsDynamics

MechanicsMechanics


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Anthropometry: another tool

- related to the

dimensions and weights of body segments


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Biomechanics is all about problem

solving

Research is done to answer a specific question

Why do people tear ACLs?

Everyone needs to be a problem solver (evenif you are not a biomechanist)

credit cards

check books


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Problem-solving Approach

Types of problems

what did you decide to wear today?

what was the average speed of the Tour de France?


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Characteristics of a formal problem: 3Characteristics of a formal problem: 3

componentscomponents

a set of given information

a particular goal, answer, or desired finding

a set of operations or processes that can beused to arrive at the answer from the given

information


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Types of VariablesTypes of Variables

involving nonnumerical description of quality

How do you feel after your workout?

How hard was your workout?

involving the use of numbers

How long did you work out for (in minutes)?

What was your average heart rate during the workout?


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Solving Qualitative Problems

Identifying the problem

Clearly identify questions

What are we actually trying to figure out?

We must understand the question and develop a proper

approach to solving it

How can we solve the problem?

We design and perform our experiment and assess the results

How will we get useful data, what does our data mean, and how

does it answer our question?


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Quantitative Unit SystemsQuantitative Unit Systems

- system of weights and

measures originally developed in England and used

in the U.S. today (inches, feet, yards, ounces,

pounds)

- system of weights and

measured used internationally in scientific

applications (meter, kilogram, Newton)


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11Steps for Solving Formal11Steps for Solving Formal

Quantitative ProblemsQuantitative Problems

1. Read the problem carefully (understand what is

being asked)

2.

3. Write down what is to be determined

4.

5. Identify and write down the formulas that might

be helpful


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11 Steps for Solving Formal11 Steps for Solving Formal


6.

7. If a workable formula cant be found, it may be

necessary to return to step 1 for more analysis of the

given data

- process of forming deductionsfrom available information


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11Steps for Solving Formal11Steps for Solving Formal


8. If a workable formula can be found, write it out

and substitute the known quantities for the variable

symbols

9. Use algebra to solve for the unknown variable

10.

11.


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Applications to Exercise Science


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Applications to Exercise Science


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Applications to Exercise

Science

A

BC


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Practice Problem

A boy sits in a 15kg soap-box derby racer. He releases

brake at the beginning of the race and begins to roll

down a hill and accelerates at 3.0 meters per

second2. If the force pulling the racer and boy is175N, what is the mass of the boy?

Force=mass x acceleration


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Follow the steps

1. Read the problem carefully

2. Write down all the given information

Force = _________mass of racer= _________

acceleration= ___________

3. Write down what is to be determined

Find: _________________


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Follow the steps

4. Draw a diagram

5. Identify and write down the formulas that might behelpfulForce= ____________________

masstotal= _____________________________


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Follow the steps

6. Select the formula(s) that contain the given

variables and the unknown variable

_____________________________________________

7. If a workable formula cant be found, it may be

necessary to return to step 1 for more analysis of the

given data


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Follow the steps

8. If a workable formula can be found, write it

out and substitute the known quantities for

the variable symbols

Force= __________________________

Force= ____________________________________

= ____________________________________


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Follow the steps

9. Use algebra to solve for the unknown variable175N= ____________________________

divide each side by 3.0m/s2

175N/ 3.0m/s2 = ________________________________

subtract 15kg from each side

175N/ 3.0m/s2 -15kg= ____________________

solvemassboy= __________________

massboy= __________________


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Follow the steps

10. Check to see if the answer makes sense

11. Box in the answer and check the units

massboy= _____


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Force=175N, mass of racer=15kg, acceleration=3.0m/s2

Find: mass of boy

masstotal=massracer + massboyForce=mass x acceleration

Force=(massracer+massboy) x acceleration

175N=(15kg+massboy ) x 3.0m/s2

175N/ 3.0m/s2 =(15kg+massboy )175N/ 3.0m/s2 -15kg=massboymassboy=58.3kg-15kg

massboy=43.3kg

a=3.0m/s2

F=175N


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