ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEM

ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEMEffects of unplanned development and mismanagement of the ecosystemGreenhouse effect and thinning of the ozone layerProper management of development activities and the ecosystemSoil erosionFlash floodLandslideEutrophicationGlobal warmingOzone depletionClimate changeExtinction of living thingsDeforestation PollutionCause and effectImpact on ecosystemImplementation of lawsUse of technologyEducation on the management of resourcesPreservation and conservation of soil, water, forests and mangrove swampsPractice of biological controlUse of renewable energyEfficient use of energySources of pollutionEffects of pollutionAirWaterThermalNoise Human healthHabitat of animals and plantsBuildings AgricultureclimateTypes of pollution

DeforestationThe act of clearing of the forest by cutting down trees for its valuable timber, and for building of roads, houses, industrial estate and so on.

Soil Erosion / Landslide

SOIL EROSION

Water PollutionThe sources of water pollution:Effluent from industrial and domestic sources.Agricultural waste.Discharge of untreated sewage.Leaching of heavy metals from underground lead pipes.Oil spills in the sea.

Water Pollution

EutrophicationEnrichment of an aquatic system with organic material or inorganic nutrients, causing an excessive growth of aquatic plant life

EutrophicationLeaching of inorganic fertilisers / input of untreated sewage / run off animal waste Increase in mineral nutrients into bodies of waterAlgae bloom (rapid growth of algae)Death of other aquatic photosynthetic plants and algaeDecomposition by bacteria (rapid growth of bacteria)Bacteria use up oxygenAquatic organisms dieRestricts the penetration of light into the waterBOD level increase

B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand)Refers to amount of oxygen consumed by aquatic organisms per litre of water. B.O.D. water pollution

Air Pollution

PollutantsSourcesEffectsCarbon monoxide (CO)Incomplete combustion of fossil fuelsCombines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin which reduce the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, causes dizzines and headache, slow down the brain.Sulphur dioxide (SO2)Factories Irritates and damages the lining of eyes, air passages and lungs, cause acid rain that may cause skin diseases.Oxides of nitrogenFactories Damages tissues of lung (bronchitis), irritate the eyes, lower the body defence against flu, acid rain.Dust , dirt, smoke, soot and hazeFactories, exhaustIrritates the eyes, cause conjunctivitis, asthma and bronchitisLeadCar exhaust Disrupt the ability of body to produce new cells, cause retardation of brain in children.Carbon dioxide (CO2)combustion of fossil fuelsCauses emphysema

APIA system adopted by Malaysia Government to indicate the level of air pollution based on its health impact

API(Air Pollution Index)Descriptor0 50 Good51 100 Moderate101 200 Unhealthy 201 300 Very unhealthy> 300Hazardous

Air Pollution

ACID rainSulphur dioxide (SO2)Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2)Combine with water vapour in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively.They fall back on earth as acid rain.Caused by:

Noise PollutionWhen the noise of the surroundings become excessive and disturbs the comfort of living.Sources: aeroplane, trains, construction workswheels and factory machines,vehicles along the roads.

Noise intensity of daily human activities

Carbon dioxide (60%)Methane (15 - 30%)Nitrous oxide (15%)CFC (12%)

Global temperature increase parallels the increase in the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The Thinning of The Ozone Layermainly due to the increasing levels of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in the atmosphereCFC uses as coolants in air conditionals and refrigerators, as propellants in aerosol cans and as foaming agents in making Styrofoam packaging

OZONE DEPLETION

Effects of Ozone Depletion

Proper management of development activities and the ecosystemImplementation of lawsUse of technologyEducation on the management of resourcesPreservation and conservation of soil, water, forests and mangrove swamps.Practice of biological controlUse of renewable energyEfficient use of energy