Tata McGrawChapter 6Process AnalysisProcess AnalysisProcess FlowchartingTypes of Processes Process Performance MetricsOBJECTIVES 6-3Process Analysis TermsProcess: Is any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputsCycle Time: Is the aerage successie time !etween completions of successie units "tilization: Is the ratio of the time that a resource is actually actiated relatie to the time that it is aaila!le for use6-4Process FlowchartingDefined Process flowcharting is the use of a diagram to present the ma#or elements of a processThe !asic elements can include tasks or operations$ flows of materials or customers$ decision points$ and storage areas or %ueuesIt is an ideal methodology !y which to !egin analyzing a process 6-5Tasks or operationsExamples: i!ing an a"mission ticket to a c#stomer$ installing a engine in a car$ etc%Examples: i!ing an a"mission ticket to a c#stomer$ installing a engine in a car$ etc%&ecision PointsExamples: 'ow m#ch change sho#l" (e gi!en to a c#stomer$ which wrench sho#l" (e #se"$ etc% Examples: 'ow m#ch change sho#l" (e gi!en to a c#stomer$ which wrench sho#l" (e #se"$ etc% Purpose and &'amples 6-6Flowchart )ym(ols Examples: )he"s$ lines o* people waiting *or a ser!ice$ etc%Examples: )he"s$ lines o* people waiting *or a ser!ice$ etc%Examples: +#stomers mo!ing to a seat$ mechanic getting a tool$ etc% Examples: +#stomers mo!ing to a seat$ mechanic getting a tool$ etc% )torage areas or ,#e#esFlows o* materials or c#stomersPurpose and &'amples 6--Flowchart )ym(ols Example: Flowchart o* )t#"ent oing to )chool .es/ooo* o**o to school to"ay01alk to class&ri!e to school6-2Types o* Processes (ingle)stage Process )tage 3)tage 3 )tage 4 )tage 3Multi)stage Process 6-5Types o* Processes 6+ontin#e"7)tage 3 )tage 48#**erMulti)stage Process with *ufferA !uffer refers to a storage area !etween stages where the output of a stage is placed prior to !eing used in a downstream stage6-39:ther Process Terminology*locking; +ccurs when the actiities in a stage must stop !ecause there is no place to deposit the item #ust completed; If there is no room for an employee to place a unit of work down$ the employee will hold on to it not a!le to continue working on the ne't unit(taring; +ccurs when the actiities in a stage must stop !ecause there is no work; If an employee is waiting at a work station and no work is coming to the employee to process$ the employee will remain idle until the ne't unit of work comes 6-33:ther Process Terminology 6+ontin#e"7*ottleneck;+ccurs when the limited capacity of a process causes work to pile up or !ecome uneenly distri!uted in the flow of a process;If an employee works too slow in a multi)stage process$ work will !egin to pile up in front of that employee,In this is case the employee represents the limited capacity causing the !ottleneck,Pacing;-efers to the fi'ed timing of the moement of items through the process6-34:ther Types o* ProcessesMake)to)order;+nly actiated in response to an actual order;*oth work)in)process and finished goods inentory kept to a minimumMake)to)stock;Process actiated to meet e'pected or forecast demand;Customer orders are sered from target stocking leel6-33Process Per*ormance #estion 8owl5hich of the following are used as sym!ols in a Process Flowchart6a, =ecision points!, *lockingc, (taringd, *ottlenecke, All of the a!oeAnswer: a. Decision points (A ia!on shape s"!bol.#6-49>#estion 8owl5hich type of process is configured as follows6a, (ingle)stage process!, Multi)stage processc, Make)to)order processd, Make)to)stock processe, All of the a!oeAnswer: b. $%lti&sta'e process ()*6-43>#estion 8owl 5hen an assem!ly line employee is waiting for a unit of work to come down the line so they can stop !eing idle and get !ack to work$ it is an e'ample of which of the following process terms6a, *uffering!, *lockingc, (taringd, *ottlenecke, All of the a!oeAnswer: c. Starvin' 6-44>#estion 8owl5hen a company waits until they hae an order for their product in hand !efore !eginning any production for that order$ we can characterize their operation as which of the following processes6a, (ingle)stage process!, Multi)stage processc, Make)to)order processd, Make)to)stock processe, All of the a!oeAnswer: c. $a+e&to&orer process6-43>#estion 8owl If the -un Time for a !atch of parts is 7> minutes on a machine$ and the (etup Time is 6> minutes$ which of the following is the +peration Time6a, ?> minutes!, 113 minutesc, +nly 7> minutesd, 6>97> minutes or 1,77 hourse, Can not !e computed on the data a!oeAnswer: b. ((, !in%tes ( Operation Ti!e is the s%! of -%n Ti!e an Set%p Ti!e. or /0 1 20 3 ((, !in%tes#6-44>#estion 8owlIf the standard e'pected phone calls for a telephone marketers is @7 perhour$ and one telephone marketer did @? per hour$ which of the following can !e used to descri!e their &fficiency6a, 44,4A!, 133Ac, 11@,>Ad, 5ell oer 1>3Ae, Can not computed on the information gien,Answer: c. (().04 (-atio of act%al perfor!ance5e6pecte perfor!ance. or ()75)2# 6 (,, 3 ((, !in%tes#6-45&nd of Chapter 66-46