Chap.5 thermodynamic cycles

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CHAPTER 5 Thermodynamic cycles Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic

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  1. 1. CHAPTER 5 Thermodynamic cycles Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  2. 2. Thermodynamic cycles Introduction Is a series of processes which form a closed path. The initial and the final states are coincident Thermal engines work in a cyclic process. A Thermal engines draws heat from a hot source and rejects heat to a cold source producing work Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  3. 3. Thermodynamic cycles Heat Engine Power Cycles Hot body or source Cold body or sink System, or heat engine Qin Qout Wcycle Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  4. 4. Thermodynamic cycles Energy analysis of cycles 4 1 3 2 For the cycle, E1 E1 = 0, or 0Ecycle 0WQE cyclecyclecycle Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  5. 5. Thermodynamic cycles formula Q W cycle cycle Qcycle and Wcycle represent net amounts which can also be represented as: Qcycle = Wcycle Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  6. 6. Thermodynamic cycles Carnot Cycle The Carnot cycle is a reversible cycle that is composed of four internally reversible processes. Two isothermal processes Two adiabatic processes Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  7. 7. Thermodynamic cycles The Carnot cycle for a gas might occur as visualized below. Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  8. 8. Thermodynamic cycles Introduction This is a Carnot cycle involving two phases -- it is still two adiabatic processes and two isothermal processes. It is always reversible -- a Carnot cycle is reversible by definition. Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  9. 9. Thermodynamic cycles Otto Cycle P-V diagram (Work) T-S diagram (Heat Transfer) Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  10. 10. Otto cycle Performance of cycle H L H net Q Q 1 Q w Thermal Efficiency: Need to know QH and QL Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  11. 11. Otto cycle Process Heat addition 2-3 QH = mCV(T3-T2) Heat rejection 4-1 QL = mCV(T4-T1) or in terms of the temperature ratios 23V 14V H L TTmC TTmC 1 Q Q 1 1TTT 1TTT 1 Q Q 1 232 141 H L qou qi n Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  12. 12. Otto cycle Process 1-2 and 3-4 are adiabatic process, using the adiabatic relations between T and V 4 3 1 2 4 3 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 2 T T T T T T V V V V T T RATIOVOLUMESAME 2 1 1 2 1 V V r; r 1 1 T T 1 qout qin Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  13. 13. Otto cycle Process Heat addition 2-3 QH = mCV(T3-T2) Heat rejection 4-1 QL = mCV(T4-T1) or in terms of the temperature ratios 23V 14V H L TTmC TTmC 1 Q Q 1 1TTT 1TTT 1 Q Q 1 232 141 H L qou qi n Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  14. 14. Otto cycle Cycle performance with cold air cycle assumptions 1k 2 1 Otto,th r 1 1 T T 1 This looks like the Carnot efficiency, but it is not! T1 and T2 are not constant. What are the limitations for this expression? Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic
  15. 15. THANK YOU Missam Raza Mechanical Dept LJ Polytechnic

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