Chap04 Iterative

8/2/2019 Chap04 Iterative

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Averaging


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Determining Average Magnitude

Suppose we want to calculate the average apparent brightnessof a list of five star magnitude values

Can we do it?

Yes, it would be easy

Suppose we want to calculate the average apparent brightnessof a list of five star magnitude values

Can we do it

Yes, it would be easy

Suppose we want to calculate the average apparent brightnessof a list of 8,479 stars visible from earth

Can we do it

Yes, but it would be gruesome without the use ofiteration


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C++ Iterative Constructs

Three constructs

while statement

for statement

do-while statement


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While Syntax

Logical expression that determineswhether the action is to be executed

while ( Expression) Action

Action to be iterativelyperformed until logical

expression is false


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While Semantics

Expression

Action

true fa lse

Expression isevaluated at the

start of eachiteration of the

loop

If Expression istrue, Action is

executed If Expression isfalse, program

executioncontinues w ith

next statement


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Computing an Average

int listSize = 4;

int numberProcessed = 0;

double sum = 0;

while (numberProcessed < listSize) {double value;

cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}

double average = sum / numberProcessed ;

cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Execution Trace

int listSize = 4;


double sum = 0;


cin >> value;

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Power of Two Table

const int TableSize = 20;

int i = 0;

long Entry = 1;

cout


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Better Way of Averagingint numberProcessed = 0;

double sum = 0;

double value;

while ( cin >> value ) {

sum += value;++numberProcessed;

}


cout


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Even Better Way of Averagingint numberProcessed = 0;double sum = 0;

double value;

while ( cin >> value ) {

sum += value;

++numberProcessed;

}

if ( numberProcessed > 0 ) {


cout


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The For Statement

Syntax

for(ForInit; ForExpression; PostExpression)

ActionExample

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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ForExpr

Action

true fa lse

ForInit

PostExpr

Evaluated onceat the beginning

of the forstatements's

executionThe ForExpr is

evaluated at thestart of each

iteration of theloop

If ForExpr istrue, Action is

executed

After the Actionhas completed,

the

PostExpressionis evaluated

If ForExpr isfalse, program

executioncontinues with

next statement

After evaluating the

PostExpression, the nextiteration of the loop starts


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Execution Trace

for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {

cout


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Table Revisiting


long Entry = 1;

cout


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Table Revisiting


long Entry = 1;

cout


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Displaying a Diagonal

SimpleWindow W("One diagonal", 5.5, 2.25);

W.Open();

for (int j = 1; j


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Sample Display


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Displaying Three Diagonals

SimpleWindow W("Three diagonals", 6.5, 2.25);

W.Open();

for (int i = 1; i


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Sample Display

int Co nter1 0


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int Counter1 = 0;int Counter2 = 0;int Counter3 = 0;int Counter4 = 0;int Counter5 = 0;

++Counter1;

for (int i = 1; i


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For Into While

Observation

The for statement is equivalent to

{

ForInit;

while (ForExpression) {

Action;

PostExpression;

}

}


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Counting Characters

int NumberOfNonBlanks = 0;

int NumberOfUpperCase = 0;

char c;

while (cin >> c) {++NumberOfNonBlanks;

if ((c >= 'A') && (c


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Counting All Characters

char c;

int NumberOfCharacters = 0;

int NumberOfLines = 0;

while ( cin.get(c) ) {

++NumberOfCharacters;

if (c == '\n') {

++NumberOfLines

}

}

cout


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#include #include using namespace std;int main() {

ifstream fin("mydata.txt");int ValuesProcessed = 0;float ValueSum = 0;float Value;while ( fin >> Value ) {

ValueSum += Value;++ValuesProcessed;

}if (ValuesProcessed > 0) {

ofstream fout("average.txt");float Average = ValueSum / ValuesProcessed;fout


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Iteration Dos

Key Points

Make sure there is a statement that will eventually terminatethe iteration criterion

The loop must stop!

Make sure that initialization of loop counters or iterators isproperly performed

Have a clear purpose for the loop

Document the purpose of the loop

Document how the body of the loop advances thepurpose of the loop


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The Do-While Statement

Syntax

doAction

while (Expression)

Semantics

ExecuteAction

IfExpressionis true thenexecuteActionagain

Repeat this process untilExpressionevaluates to

falseActionis either a singlestatement or a group ofstatements within braces

Action

true

false

Expression


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Waiting for a Proper Reply

char Reply;

do {

cout > Reply)

Reply = tolower(Reply);

else

Reply = 'n';

} while ((Reply != 'y') && (Reply != 'n'));

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