Chap004 MIS (Management Information System)
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Transcript of Chap004 MIS (Management Information System)
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
1
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
C h a p t e r
4
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Computer
Software
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
2
• Describe several major trends occurring in computer software.
• Give examples of several major types of application and system software.
• Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.
• Outline the functions of an operating system.
• Describe the main uses of high-level, fourth-generation, object-oriented, and web-oriented languages and tools.
Chapter Objectives
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
3 Categories of Computer Software
General-Purpose
Programs
General-Purpose
Programs
Application-Specific
Programs
Application-Specific
Programs
SystemManagement
Programs
SystemManagement
Programs
System Development
Programs
System Development
Programs
ApplicationSoftware
ApplicationSoftware
ComputerSoftware
ComputerSoftware
System Software
System Software
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
4 Trends in Computer Software
FirstGeneration
FirstGeneration
SecondGeneration
SecondGeneration
ThirdGeneration
ThirdGeneration
FourthGeneration
FourthGeneration
FifthGeneration
FifthGeneration
User-Written ProgramsMachine Languages
Packaged ProgramsSymbolic Languages
Operating SystemsHigh-Level Languages
DBMS Fourth-Generation LanguagesMicrocomputer Packages
Natural & Object-Oriented
LanguagesMultipurpose
Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted
Packages
Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled ApplicationPackages for Productivity and Collaboration
Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages andTools
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
5 Common General- Purpose Applications
• Electronic Mail
• Word Processing
• Presentation Graphics
• Multimedia
• Personal Information Manager
• Groupware
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
6 Web Browsers
Discussion Groups
Surf the Net Launch InformationSearches
E-MailMultimedia
FileTransfer
Typical uses of a WebBrowser in Internet,
Intranet, and Extranet Environments
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
7 Database Management Packages
DatabaseDevelopment
DatabaseMaintenance
DatabaseInterrogation
ApplicationDevelopment
Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management
Packages
Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management
Packages
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
8
KeyTechnologies
ofMultimedia
Video CaptureCard
Video CaptureCard
AuthoringLanguage
AuthoringLanguage
StoryboardStoryboard Compact DiskInteractive
Compact DiskInteractive
Sound BoardSound Board CompressedAudio
CompressedAudio
Digital VideoInteractive
Digital VideoInteractive
MIDIMIDI Computer Edit System
Computer Edit System
InteractiveVideo
InteractiveVideo Digital AudioDigital Audio
Multimedia Technologies
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
9 Business Enterprise Application Software
CustomerRelationshipManagement
HumanResource
Management
Accounting andFinancial
Management
Supply Chain
Management
EnterpriseResourcePlanning
BusinessDecisionSupport
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
10 Functions of an Operating System
ResourceManagement
ResourceManagement
TaskManagement
TaskManagement
UserInterface
UserInterface
FileManagement
FileManagement
Utilitiesand OtherFunctions
Utilitiesand OtherFunctions
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
11 Categories of Programming Languages
Machine LanguagesUse binary coded instructions
1001 10011100 1101
High Level LanguagesUse brief statements
Compute X = Y + Z
Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes
Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions
LOD YADD Z
Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements
Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects thatcontain data and actions
Document.write(“Hi There”)
<H1>First heading</H><!ELEMENT Product (#Item | manuf)>
SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
12 Programming Language Translation
LanguageTranslation
Process
LanguageTranslation
Process
SourceProgram
MachineLanguage
ObjectProgram
Written inBASIC,COBOL,
etc.
LanguageTranslatorProgram
• Compiler• Interpreter• Assembler
IF A := BTHEN 1001101
11101010010110
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
13
• Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system.
• Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories.
Chapter Summary
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
14
• System software can be subdivided into system management programs and system development programs. The former is used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources. The latter is used by IS specialists to develop computer programs.
• An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU.
Chapter Summary (cont)
Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien
15
• There are 5 major levels of programming languages. Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions.
Chapter Summary (cont)