Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

1

I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

C h a p t e r

3

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Computer

Hardware

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

2

• Identify the major types, trends, and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems.

• Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage.

• Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system.

Chapter Objectives

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

3

• Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons for your selections

Chapter Objectives

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

4 Trends in Computer System Capabilities

FirstGeneration

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

FifthGeneration

VacuumTubes

VacuumTubes Solid-StateSolid-State Integrated

CircuitsIntegrated

Circuits

LSI, VLSIMicro-

processors

LSI, VLSIMicro-

processors

GreaterPower,Smaller

Footprint

GreaterPower,Smaller

Footprint

Trend: Toward Smaller, Faster, More Reliable, and Less Costly

Trend: Toward Easy to Purchase, and Easy to Maintain

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

5 Computer System Categories

MainframeComputers

MidrangeComputers

Microcomputers

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

6 Microcomputer Systems

• Handheld Computers– PDA, Information

Appliances

• Notebook Computers• Desktop Computers• Workstations

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

7 Network Computers and Terminals

• Network Computer (Thin Client)

• NetPC

• Network Terminal

Benefits• Lower purchase cost• Easier maintenance• Easier software

distribution and licensing

• Computer platform standardization

• Reduced end user support requirements

• Improved manageability

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

8 Client Server Networking

ClientSystems

ServersServers

Host Systems/Superservers

Host Systems/Superservers

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

9 Computer System Components

Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit

OutputDevices

CacheMemory

Primary Storage

SecondaryStorageDevices

ControlUnit ALU

SpecialPurposeProcessors

Output Devices

InputDevices

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

10 Input Technology Trends

FirstGeneration

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

FifthGeneration

Punched Cards

Paper Tape

Punched Cards

Paper Tape

Punched Cards

Punched Cards

Key to Tape/Disk

Key to Tape/Disk

Keyboard Data EntryPointing DevicesOptical Scanning

Keyboard Data EntryPointing DevicesOptical Scanning

Voice RecognitionSpeech and

Touch DevicesHandwriting Recognition

Voice RecognitionSpeech and

Touch DevicesHandwriting Recognition

Trend: Towards Direct Input Devices that Are More Naturaland Easy to Use

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

11 Common Input Devices

• Keyboard• Pointing Devices• Pen Based Computing• Speech Recognition• Optical Scanning• Magnetic Ink Character

Recognition• Smart Cards• Digital Cameras

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

12 Output Technology Trends

FirstGeneration

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

FifthGeneration

Punched Cards

Printed Reportsand Documents

Punched Cards

Printed Reportsand Documents

Punched Cards

Printed Reports and Documents

Punched Cards

Printed Reports and Documents

Printed Reportsand DocumentsVideo Displays

Printed Reportsand DocumentsVideo Displays

Video DisplaysAudio ResponsesPrinted Reportsand Documents

Video DisplaysAudio ResponsesPrinted Reportsand Documents

Video DisplaysVoice Responses

Hyperlinked MultimediaDocuments

Video DisplaysVoice Responses

Hyperlinked MultimediaDocuments

Trend: Towards Output Methods that Communicate Naturally,Quickly, and Clearly

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

13 Common Output Devices

• Video Output– CRT

– LCD

• Printed Output– Inkjet

– Laser

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

14

Storage Trends

FirstGeneration

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

FifthGeneration

Magnetic Drum

Magnetic Drum

MagneticCore

MagneticCore

MagneticCore

MagneticCore

LSI SemiconductorMemory Chips

LSI SemiconductorMemory Chips

VLSI SemiconductorMemory Chips

VLSI SemiconductorMemory Chips

Trend: Towards Large Capacities Using Smaller Microelectronic Circuits

Trend: Towards Massive Capacities Using Magnetic and Optical Media

Magnetic TapeMagnetic DrumMagnetic TapeMagnetic Drum

Magnetic TapeMagnetic DiskMagnetic TapeMagnetic Disk

Magnetic DiskMagnetic TapeMagnetic DiskMagnetic Tape

Magnetic DiskOptical Disk

Magnetic Tape

Magnetic DiskOptical Disk

Magnetic Tape

Optical DiskMagnetic DiskOptical Disk

Magnetic Disk

PrimaryStoragePrimaryStorage

SecondaryStorage

SecondaryStorage

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

15 Primary & Secondary Storage Media

SemiconductorMemory

SemiconductorMemory

MagneticDisks

Floppy DiskHard Disk, RAID

MagneticDisks

Floppy DiskHard Disk, RAID

Magnetic TapeMagnetic Tape

Optical DisksCD-ROM, CD-R

CD-RWDVD

Optical DisksCD-ROM, CD-R

CD-RWDVD

Acc

ess

Spee

d In

crea

ses

Stor

age

Cap

acity

Dec

reas

es

Cos

t per

Bit

Incr

ease

s

Direct Access

SequentialAccess

Direct Access S

eco

nd

ary

Sto

rag

ePri

mary

Sto

rag

e

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

16 Chapter Summary

• A computer system is a system of information processing components that perform input, processing, output, storage and control functions.

• The hardware components in a computer include input and output devices, a central processing unit (CPU), and primary and secondary storage.

• There are three major categories of computers: microcomputers, midrange computers and mainframe computers

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

17 Chapter Summary (cont)

• Microcomputers are used as personal computers, but are also interconnected in a variety of telecommunications networks.

• Midrange computers are increasingly being used as powerful network servers and for many multi-user business data processing and scientific applications.

• Mainframe computers are larger and more powerful and are used to handle information processing needs for large organizations .

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I n t r o d u c t i o n t o I n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m s Tenth EditionJames A. O’Brien

18 Chapter Summary (cont)

• Peripheral devices used for input and output come in a variety shape and sizes. Future trends are towards devices that communicate naturally and are quick and easier to use.