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Chap 15: Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution Anita Sego Spring, 2005.
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Transcript of Chap 15: Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution Anita Sego Spring, 2005.
Chap 15: Environmental Concerns: Wastes and Pollution
Anita Sego
Spring, 2005
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Chapter Objectives
• Define the terms environment, ecology, and biosphere.
• Explain how human activities affect the environment through the production of wastes and residues.
• Name the primary sources of solid wastes.
• List and briefly explain the four approaches to solid waste management.
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Chapter Objectives
• Define hazardous wastes.
• Explain the difference between sanitary and secured landfills.
• Identify the five approaches to hazardous waste management.
• Explain what is meant by the term Superfund.
• Explain the Pollution Standard Index (PSI).
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Chapter Objectives
• Briefly describe acid rain, ozone layer, global warming, and photochemical smog.
• Identify the major indoor air pollutants.
• Explain the difference in point source and nonpoint source pollution.
• Identify the categories of water pollution.
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Chapter Objectives
• Briefly describe waste water treatment.
• List means of conserving water.
• Name the primary sources of radiation.
• Explain how nuclear wastes are handled in the United States.
• Identify the two basic characteristics of sound.
• Identify steps to reduce problems associated with noise pollution.
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Introduction to Environment
• External conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or a community of organisms.
• Ecology
• Biosphere
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Natural Environmental Hazards• Natural hazards
• Biology hazards– Insect– Microbiological– Vegetation
• Psychological hazards– Stress– Boredom– Anxiety
• Sociological hazards– Overcrowding– Isolation– Anomie
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Residues & Wastes from Humans• Factors contributing
– urbanization– industrialization– human population growth– production and use of disposable products
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Types of Wastes and Pollution• Solid wastes
• Hazardous Waste
• Water and its pollution
• Radiation
• Noise pollution
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Solid Waste
• Sources of solid waste– agriculture– mining– industry– municipalities– utilities
• Decomposing waste
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Sources of Waste
utilitiesindustry
household
mining
agriculture
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Solid Waste
• Solid wastes management– collection – disposal
• sanitary landfills• incineration• recycling• source reduction
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Hazardous Waste
• A product that may
1.cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serous irreversible, or incapacitating reversible illness, or
2. Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Hazardous Waste
• Management– Secured landfill - least expensive– Deep well injection– Incineration of Hazardous waste– Hazardous Waste Recycling and
Neutralization– Source Reduction
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Hazardous Waste
• Cleanup
• Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
• Superfund
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Air Pollution
• Contaminants of Outdoor Air– transportation
– electric power plants
– industry - mills & refineries
• National Ambient Air Quality Standards
• Pollutant Standard Index
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Special Concerns with Outdoor Air• Acid Rain
• Destruction of the Ozone Layer– chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Global Warming– greenhouse gases– greenhouse effect
• Photochemical Smog– thermal inversion
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Indoor Air
• Indoor Air Pollutants– asbestos– formaldehyde– radon– environmental tobacco smoke– volatile organic compounds
• Air Quality and Conservation– sick building syndrome– ventilation– testing
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Water Pollution
• Sources of water
• Treatment of water for use– coagulation and flocculation– sedimentation– filtration– disinfection
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Sources of Water Pollution
• Point source pollution - single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water.
• nonpoint source pollution - all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, of falling of pollutants into the water.
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Types of Water Pollutants
• Biological pollutants– pathogens– overgrowth of aquatic plants
• Toxic pollutants– inorganic chemicals– radioactive materials– synthetic organic chemicals
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Water Quality
• Strategies to ensure safe water– policy– water treatment– municipal waste
water treatment– primary treatment– secondary treatment– tertiary treatment– septic systems– conservation
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Radiation
Sources• Naturally
– Cosmic radiation - sun & outer space– Terrestrial radiation - Earth & its minerals– Internal radiation - inside the body from
ingestion
• Human-made – X-rays– Nuclear medicine– Nuclear weapons
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Sources of Radiation
Radon54%
Consumer products
3%
Others1%
Nuclear medicine
4%
Medical X-rays11%
Internal11%
Terrestrial8%
Cosmic8%
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Radiation
Danger– Roentgen equivalent man - REMS– damage cells & tissues
Policy– USDE– Nuclear waste disposal is highly controversial
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Noise Pollution
Measure by annoyance factor• Frequency
– cycles per second– hertz– vibrations per second
• Amplitude– decibels (dB)
• Noise abatement– Policy - Noise Control Act of 1972– Education programs– Environmental changes
Chap 15: Wastes and Pollution
Chapter 15
Environmental Concerns:Wastes and Pollution