Chap 10 Governance
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Transcript of Chap 10 Governance
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Ch 10 Governance
Good Governance●
Is an essential element of any well-functioning society.● ensures eective management of resources and deliverance of
services to citizens● provides social legitimacy to the system.● is critical to translating Plan outlays into signicant outcomes on the
ground.● ensure the optimal use of natural resources which are sovereign
wealth under sovereign ownership
FOCUS AREAS IN GOVERNANCE / to ensure Good Governance1. Systemic improvements, which increase the eectiveness of
government plan expenditure on new programmes.a. competition, simplify transaction, ICT, transparency, integrity
pacts, reducing discretion, supervision, accessibility & responsiveness,
monitoring complaints, reforming civil services, risk mgmt, audit, proactive
vigilance on corruption, intelligence gatheringsource ! "nd #$C ! ethics in
governance%". improvements in customer satisaction on the delivery of services
by government agencies.. !erception o corruption and what we can do to tacle it.
Improvin" the e#ectiveness o p$an pro"rammes
●
public expenditure in the last few years has increased dramatically○ ! % $a&h crore have been spent on the 1' ma(or
F$a"ship pro"rammes during the "leventh Plan period● a large part of this is aimed at promoting the welfare of the weaer and
more vulnerable
Need
● for an in-depth review to #udge the "ectiveness of these schemes● to promote and encourage decision maing without delay to promote
efciencies and to prevent cost overrun where ma#or development pro#ects
are concerned● to ensure that the administrative system and ethos protects civil
servants, who act bona de, and in good faith.
key lacuna
● is that implementation continues to be in a business-as-usual mode,
while these new programmes demand a new architecture based on
innovative practices
Change in 12th FYP
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# number of changes are being instituted in the architecture of implementation of 'lanprogrammes in the T(elfth 'lan to overcome the universali)ation (ithout *uality +U without Q’- syndrome.
Strengthening Local Institutions
● $ ey diagnostic conclusion for lac of success of Plan programmes is that● these are designed in a top down manner and do not eectively
articulate the needs and aspirations of the local people, especially the most
vulnerable.● several functions were transferred to Panchayati %a# Institutions &P%Is'● (ut institutionally, the P%Is remain wea and they do not have the
capacity to plan or implement programmes eectively.● resources to the )inistry of P%I increased more than 10 times than
previous *+P .○ *rom an th Plan allocation of / crore to a 0 th Plan
outlay of ),*+% crore,● also strengthen the fabric of Indian democracy at the grass-roots.● 1nly strong P%Is can ensure eective implementation of PESA 1996
and ST&OTFD Act ● Ra(iv Gandhi !anchayat Sasha&ti&aran A,hiyan meant for
strengthening human resource and systems capacities of P%Is
● 2he potential power of the NR-. lies in the economies of scale created by 345
*ederations &comprising 678077 345s each'.● bul purchase of inputs &seeds, fertilisers and so on' and
mareting of outputs &crops, vegetables, mil, 92*Ps and so on'.● 2hey can also provide larger loans for housing and health
facilities to their members by tying up with large service or loan providers.● $ variety of insurance services can be made available through
this route, including life, health, livestoc and weather insurance.● It has also been shown how doing business with S/G
Federations can help public sector ban branches in remote rural areas
● atershed Committees and ater Users Associations need strengthening,
as do the Forest !rotection Committees
Social Mobilisation
The eperience sho(s● socially mobilised and aware community act as a decisive determinant● :ocal communities, left to themselves, will not necessarily allow the
poor, ;alits, $divasis and women, to express themselves● presumin" that this i$$ happen automatica$$y2 is a myth that
actua$$y hurts the poor● active participation of local people, especially women, is essential for
success of demand-driven and bottom-up programmes such as )59%"5$,
23< and 9%:)
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specific provisions are being made in each flagship programme for dedicated time and humanand financial resources for social mobilisation
● 2he new 1perational 5uidelines for )59%"5$, for example, provide
that those○ blocs where either 3 /7 ? of the
population 1% the annual )59%"5$ expenditure was more than 0crore in any year since the programme started, will mandatorily have
at $east three C$uster Faci$itation 3eams &
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● promoting art, culture, environment protection and other forms of
public enAuiryC
9ational Policy on the Eoluntary 3ector
● 2he 2welfth Plan should institutionalise the 5oint Consu$tative
Groups6Forums65oint .achineries recommended by the 9PE3 in all formsof planning, right from the grass-roots levels up to the level of
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depending on the reAuirement of the 3tate● $ll
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Cutting(ege level o) implementation
● use of modern technology to improve transparency, access and
eDciency of Plan programmes○
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2hough it has ,een hi"h, but has remained almost at the same level.● 2he fact that perception o corruption has increased is a dierent
issue and reGects the conseAuence of greater transparency and awareness.● 2he best way to prevent corruption is to have simp$e procedures,
○ which do not provide scope for interpretations M provide
minimum scope for such malpractices○ 2his would reAuire large use of e-governance and other
technologies○ transparent procedures in award of government
contracts, government procurement and award of licences.● 2he economic reforms successfully eliminated discretionary decision
maing in areas such as industrial licences and import licences.○ Jith the lowering of taris and abolition of license and
permits, the transaction costs went down dramatically and this led to
an enormous reduction in corruption
Ci&il Ser&ices' #eor$s
● *irst, the service should be young and the recruitment should, tae
place around 0 years of age.● $%< %eport on %efurbishing of Personnel $dministration@3ealing 9ew
4eights
$ccountability
● need to move from goals of meeting expenditure targets in
government programmes to goals of meeting physical targets and, even
more, towards increasin" satisaction of the range of staeholders of
government policy.● private organisations are characterised by Kintensive
accounta,i$ity>, &ie. being answerable to a narrower set of masters in a
focused way'○ "overnments reAuire Ke?tensive accounta,i$ity(more
broader and more representative)>.● In a recent reform initiative, a number of central ministries have
adopted a Resu$ts Frameor&
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● $lready in several areas including power, oil and gas, airports,
telecom and warehousing● %egulators are also proposed in the eld of ater in a number of
states.● 2here is no clear assessment of the functioning of individual
regulators.○ to what extent they are answerable and accountable and
to whom
GE33ING 3/INGS
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sector too.○ In
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● 2he large size of the Indian continent, varied geography, national
features, climate, and eects of economic development and growth process
results in number of riss.● 2hese are clearly both due to natural hazards and eect of human
development process on nature.
National ,a-ards. /nnatural %isasters
● $ccording to a J( study titled K,ational -a.ars /nnatural Disasters+ ,
India losses up to per cent o its G
disasters, and a development process which encompasses a strategy for
mitigation of human misery● + important components of the strategy of disaster managementL
○ rst, integrating disaster management into development
plans○ second, a multi-pronged strategy for the total ris
management○ third, recognition of a need for plan expenditure on
disaster management and preventive measures in addition to
calamity relief fund
Capacity building● *irst, setting up of early warning systems in all hazards prone areas of
the country○ "ective communication systems have to be set up at all
the levels to ensure timely and accurate dissemination of warning
signals to vulnerable communities.● 3econd, *ocusing on disaster ris& reduction in all ma#or schemes
○ "g. safety of the school buildings, especially in
earthAuae prone areas has to be ensured●