Changing the Way We Build Through Innovation …Green BIM / VDC DfMA Green Design and Engineering...

Dr. John Keung

Emeritus Fellow, BCA Academy

19 December 2019

Changing the Way We Build Through Innovation Adoption

– the DfMA Story

Driving Innovation through Technology Adaptation

Source: mirror.co.uk Source: https://negosentro.com/ Source: Teambuild

Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA)

Moving work offsite will improve productivity in 3 ways•Controlled offsite environment•Scope for automation of offsite work•Scope for offshoring of offsite work

Design for Manufacturing(off-site and

automation)

and Assembly(on-site)

Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA)

Driving Innovation through Technology Adaptation

Changing the Way We Build – WHY?Ever rising

construction accidents/fatalities

Labour shortage

Noise and dust nuisances from construction sites

Defects Over Production Inventory Unnecessary Motion

Waiting Time Inefficient Transport

Over Processing

Employees underutilized

Noise & Dust Hazard

1 2 The wastage and hack and rework tradition3

4 Rising construction costs 5

InfrastructuresSmart townships

Mega developments

Changing the Way We Build – WHY?

High quality

Faster construction

For the industry For the public

Less workers on site

Greater automation in factory Less dust

Less noise

Fewer delivery tripsConducive Working Environment

Benefits of DfMA

Structural Steel / Advanced Precast / Hybrid

Prefab Components

Str

uctu

ral

Advanced Prefab Systems

Mass Engineered Timber (MET) / Hybrid

Precast PPVC

Integrated Sub-assemblies

Manpower Savings [Project Level]

35% 40%20%10%

DfMA ContinuumM

EP

PPVC

PPVC

Wallpaper Engineered timber floor

On-site Dry Applied Finishes

Prefab MEP Deck

Prefab Module with Platform/ Catwalk

70%

Prefab Plant

Prefab Ceiling Module/ Prefab Plant

Prefinished Surfaces

Flexible Water Pipe/ Sprinkler Dropper

30%

Prefab kitchens/Common Toilets

PBUKitchen

Manpower Savings [Trade Level]

45%

PBU

60%

Arc

hit

ec

tura

l

Common Toilet

Integrated Assemblies:

Game-Changing ImprovementComponents: Incremental Improvement

Fully Integrated Assemblies

5-Storey 3XGRUN, Berlin (Germany)

Completed in 2011

1

2

6-StoreyTamedia, Zurich (Switzerland)

Completed in 2013

3

10-StoreyForte, Melbourne

(Australia)Completed in 2012

3

4

4

5

Mass Engineered Timber Mass Engineered Timber1

Mass Engineered Timber

Little Hero (Australia)

Prefab pre-finished volumetric construction

6Prefab Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing

System

6

7

Expo 2020 (Dubai)

7

Bella Sky’, Denmark7-day cycle time

Advanced precast concrete system

2

Chrysalis Amphitheatre (US)

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC)

8

DfMA

DfMA

DfMA

DfMADfMA

VDC

DfMA

DfMA

How other advanced countries have embraced DfMA

Mass Engineered Timber5

Brock Commons, University of British

Columbia (UBC)17-storey MET building

8

Launching of Hong Kong’s DfMA Alliance on 18 Mar 2019

How other advanced countries have embraced DfMA

• Organisation comprising industry stakeholders across construction value chain, government, professional bodies, trade associations and academia to co-create an ecosystem for adoption of DfMA in Hong Kong

DfMA, a low hanging fruit?

Going DfMA, a no-brainer?

Image Source: https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/can-low-hanging-fruit-drive-earnings-growth

DfMA in Singapore? It’s easier said than done What were the Key Hurdles?

Hurdle No. 1 :

SKEPTICISM over innovation

Doubt over whether if innovation really works or brings the promised benefitsSource: https://www.aciworldwide.com/insights/expert-view/2017/october/in-the-digital-era-banks-must-ask-why-not


Doubt over the potential of innovation; fear of making mistakes

Hurdle No. 2 :

FEAR of the Unknown. FEAR of being the first mover

Source: https://www.roycastle.org/campaigns/face-your-fear/https://business-ethics.com/2011/09/05/7721-the-better-light-bulb-debate/

?


Concerns over the affordability and effectiveness of innovation

Hurdle No. 3 :

COST of Change

Source: https://medium.com/@weiking/step-by-step-guide-on-how-to-earn-interest-lending-with-defi-481ec385b48a


The rest of the value chain is not ready and not capable of providing support for innovationSource: https://www.ai-maxtools.com/company

Hurdle No. 4 : The Industry is NOT READY


The regulators are not ready. The current rules are rigid

Hurdle No. 5 :

REGULATORY Hurdles

Source: https://www.hoopla.net/summer-sales-competitions-to-boost-your-teams-numbers/

What did we do?

01Raise Awareness

STEP 02Secure stakeholders’ buy-in

STEP

03Create the demand and

supply ecosystem

STEP 04 Build Industry Capability

STEP

Building Up the DfMA Ecosystem

Making the Impossible Possible

International Panel of Experts (IPE) A barrier free learning and sharing platform

on the advanced productive technologies

Step 1A: Raise awareness

Participants from over 250 industry leaders

DfMA: Making the Impossible Possible!!!

Interactive and informative platforms

Publications

International BIM competition

>3000 visitors to BCA Construction Productivity Gallery showcasing BIM, DfMA and other advanced technologies

Step 1B: Raise awareness

>25,000 participants in significant outreach activities

Singapore Construction Productivity Week 2017

Public Sector Productivity Leadership 2018

Demonstration of building with MET at Skilled Builders’ Project during the BuildTech Asia (BTA) 2015 exhibition

BCA Award 2015 (BIM Award)


BCA-REDAS Quality and Productivity Seminar 2017

Provide an Immersive and Experiential Learning Facility

CLVC

Centre for Lean and Virtual Construction

Step 2A: Secure stakeholders’ buy-in

>20 overseas learning journeys since 2010 Establish links with overseas counterparts

Industry

Partnering of Straits Construction Singapore Pte Ltd and Bathsystem S.p.A. in the supply of drywall PBU and lightweight concrete PBU in Singapore

Prefab MEP in the UK, 2016

Prefab Bathroom Unit in Italy, 2014 Stadthaus at Murray Grove, UK, 2013

Prefab Bathroom Unit in the UK, 2016

Government


Source: straitstimes.com

RATEC GmbH - Specialist in adjustable moulds for production of monolithic 3D concrete PPVC modules

Greyform Pte Ltd, an ICPH under Straits Construction Group

Teambuild ICPH

Step 2B: Secure stakeholders’ buy-inGovernment


Step 2B: Secure stakeholders’ buy-in

Building Innovation Panel Review of Regulatory RequirementsA One-Stop Multi-Agency Platform for All Innovative ConstructionTechnologies to secure Speedy Clearance of All Regulatory Requirements

Examples of systems cleared by BIP are PPVC and PBU

10-sty high Forte, Melbourne, Australia

Government

Regulatory hurdles resolved to widen the application of DfMA and reduce

compliance cost


4

24(or 12 for

healthcare)

Max. height of MET buildings allowed by Fire Safety and Shelter Department

2012 May 2013 Mar 2014 Aug 2016

Sto

reys

0*

No height limit (except healthcare occupancy)

*MET is not allowed as structural element before 2012

Adoption of DfMA technologies

NTU Hostel

PPVC (25 projects)

Healthcare Hub

Prefab MEP (8 projects)

Sport Hall

MET (14 projects)

State Court

Structural Steel (12 projects)

*GLS refers to Government Land Sales (GLS)

PPVC

29 GLS sites

(24 residential, 4 mixed developments, 1 hotel

Structural Steel / Minimum Prefab Level

2 Commercial GLS and 50 Industrial GLS sites

Public Sector Taking the LeadSpecifying DfMA technology adoption in land

tender conditions


Step 3A: Create the demand and supply ecosystem

Carrot

Stick

Carrot and Stick Approach

• Public Sector Construction Productivity Fund (PSCPF)

– S$154 million

• Construction Productivity and Capability Fund (CPCF)

– ~S$800 million

• Bonus GFA scheme

Mandatory Requirement Incentive Funding


Step 3B: Create the demand and supply ecosystem

Completed ICPH

ICPH under planning

Kaki Bukit 1

Greyform(Straits Construction)

Jalan Gali Batu

SoilbuildTeambuild

Pulau Punggol Barat (PPB)

Tiong Seng Prefab Hub

Integrated Construction and Prefabrication Hubs (ICPHs)


Step 3C: Create the demand and supply ecosystem

Building Control Industry Development Capability Building

Institutes of Higher Learning:

• Masters• Bachelor

• Diploma• CET Programmes

Green BIM / VDC DfMA

Green Design and Engineering

Integrated Digital Delivery

DfMA

Current (Personnel trained by BCAA) Target: 2025

10,000 25,000

11,900 20,000

11,150 35,000

Training Area

Training for Transformative Skills


Step 4: Build Industry Capability

The Success Stories

Changi Airport Crowne Plaza Hotel

• Time savings of 3 months;

• On-site manpower savings 44%

Transport trips reduced by 70%

10 storeys completed in 26 days

PPVC Project Highlights

Construction Productivity Awards 2017 Project Category Platinum Award

NTU Nanyang Crescent Hostel


Construction Productivity Awards 2018 Project Category Platinum Award

784 PPVC Modules used

Only 7 workers were required to install a module in 30 minutes.

6-8 modules were installed each day

Only 6 months of on-site works

Project Information

Steel PPVC

Gross Floor Area

(GFA)

48,500 m2

Number of Storeys 11 to 13 (4 blocks)

Number of Rooms 1527

The Brownstone Executive Condominium

Likely the World’s Largest and First-of-its-kindapplication of Full Concrete PPVC for a Large-

Scale Private Residential Development

~5,000 Building Modules used


Builder Teambuild clinched Construction Productivity Awards 2017

Builder (Open) Category Platinum Award

City Development Limited clinched Construction Productivity Awards 2017

Developer Category Platinum Award

Clement Canopy Condominium


World’s tallest Concrete PPVC building(40 storeys)

Superstructure

completed in 14 monthsEdgeProp Singapore Excellence Awards 2018

• Landscape Excellence Award• Top Development Excellence Awards

NTU The Wave

MET Project Highlights

Green Mark Platinum Award

No internal columns or pillars required to support the weight of the roof

72m roof made of seven timber arches

First large-scale building in South-east Asia built with MET Technology

Onsite manhour savings:• Took only 14 workers ~5 weeks

to complete the roof

SMU Tahir Foundation Connexion

MET Project Highlights

Green Mark Platinum Award

Use of myriad DfMA technologies – MET, modular façade, modular MEP

Shorten Construction time from 24 months to 15 months

+Net Zero Energy Building

Beyond DfMA

Automation & Robotics

Source: Technical University of Munich

Source: Technical University of Munich

Source: ETH Zurich

Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) Robots

Welding Robots

Robots for Digital Fabrication

Source: Doka

Formwork 3D Printing

Architectural Feature 3D Printing

3D Printing

3D Printed Slabs

Source: ETH Zurich

Source: Sika Technology Centre

A.I. TechnologyHarness Digitalisation though

R&D

A.I. in Workplace Safety

A.I. in Facilities Management

A.I. in Construction Management

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pL-c00M2CnI

Source: https://riskandinsurance.com/algorithms-and-artificial-intelligence-can-make-construction-more-efficient/

Source: https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/construction/komatsu-ai-construction-sites/

Source: Fira

Harnessing IOT for Information Sharing

Full Digitalisation of All Building Services

Managing Concrete Curing via IOT

Source: Fira

Source: Kira


- the DfMA Story

Food for Thought

0%

22%

40%

2010 2018 2020DfMA Adoption Rate in Singapore

Do we have the mechanism to proliferate and entrench

DfMA to the point of no return?

The Big Questions


- the DfMA Story

Food for Thought

Have we done enough to make innovation and

ecosystem building part of the DNA of the Built Environment

Sector from now on?

The Big Questions

How do we groom and nurture future leaders to

bring about innovation and innovation adoption in the

industry?

Food for Thought

The Big Questions


- the DfMA Story

Green

Digitalized

What’s your visionbeyond a green, digitalized

and technologically advanced BE sector?

Food for Thought

DfMA The Big Questions


- the DfMA Story

Changing the Way We Build Through Innovation …Green BIM / VDC DfMA Green Design and Engineering...

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