Changing Paradigm in Education

David R. Grice

grice@ctserc.org

Kim Mearman

mearman@ctserc.org 25 Industrial Park Road, Middletown, CT 06457-1520 · (860) 632-1485

Connecticut State Department of Education · Division of Educational Programs and Services

With Whom Would You Travel? Lewis and Clark-The Core of Discovery

Daniel Boone-Fort in Kentucky

Brigham Young-Settlement in Utah

Who Are You? Scout- “Lewis and Clark”

Pioneer- “Daniel Boone”

Settler- “Brigham Young”

The Changing Masses

ScoutsScouts PioneersPioneersSettlersSettlers

At Least Five YearsCritical Mass

Hibbard, 1997

Think About It… “Life used to be simpler. You learned what

you needed to know at home, in school, or on the job. And once you learned it, it served you well for the rest of your life.” Kaser, et al (2002)

How does this apply to our schools and our students today?

What is Our Responsibility for Change?

“Insofar as teaching is a profession, it is one that was founded not on a body of methods or disciplines, but upon service…” Arrowsmith (1985)

Do you agree with this quote? Why or why not?

What is Our Responsibility for Change?

“We should pay attention to our students because we have a responsibility to act in loco parentis, and we have a moral obligation to function as stewards on behalf of their parents and on behalf of the schools we serve.” Sergiovanni (2000)

What is Our Responsibility for Change?

Pedagogy Loving care for the child Hope for the child Responsibility for the child

Sergiovanni (2000)

What is Our Responsibility for Change?

“Teachers are agents of educational change and societal improvement.” Fullan (1993)

“Each and every educator must strive to be an effective change agent.” Fullan (1993)

Change Agents Change agent = “being self-conscious about

the nature of change and the change process.” Fullan (1993)

What are the characteristics of a change agent?

What is Change? Incremental Change

Limited in scope Often reversible Extension of the past

and does not disrupt past patterns

Still in control

Deep Change Requires new ways of

thinking and behaving Irreversible Discontinuous of past

and distorts existing patterns

Surrendering control

Quinn (1996)

What is Your Experience? List five changes you have experienced

within the last ten years. (personal or professional)

Sort those changes by incremental and deep change.

What distinguishes a deep change from an incremental change?

Are You a Leader of Change? "Only by changing how we think can we

change deeply embedded policies and practices. Only by changing how we interact can shared visions, shared understandings and new capacities for coordinated action be established.“ Peter Senge

Are You a Leader of Change? “Our key to successful leadership is

continuous personal change…By having the courage to change themselves, [leaders] model the behavior they are asking of others…It builds trust and credibility…” Quinn (1996)

Leading Change

Moral Purpose

Understanding Change

Improving Relationships

Knowledge Creation and Sharing

Coherence Making

Fullan (2001)

Moral Purpose Ends & Means

Responsibility to others & environment How we evolve over time Relationships

Integrity

Fullan (2001)

Moral Purpose “Good teaching cannot be reduced to

technique; good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher.” Parker (1998)

“School leaders with moral purpose seek to make a difference in the lives of students.” Fullan (2001)

Understanding Change

Not to change for change sake

Good ideas are not enough

Implementation dip

Understanding resistance

Transforming culture

Fullan (2001)

Improving Relationships

“In the quantum world, relationships are not

just interesting; to many physicists, they are

all there is to reality.”

Wheatley, 1994

Knowledge Creation and Sharing

“Information…becomes knowledge through a social

process.”

Fullan (2001)

Responsibility

Opportunity

KnowledgeReceiving Giving

Coherence Making Change is complex and on-going

Value Diverse thinking Focusing energy to achieve alignment Tension in hard-to-solve problems

Fullan (2001)

Leading Complex Change

M. Lippitt (2003) Leading Complex Change. Enterprise Management, LTD.

VISION CAPABILITIES RESOURCESACTION

PLANRESTRANT;

RESISTANCE

VISION INCENTIVES RESOURCESACTION

PLANANXIETY

VISION INCENTIVES RESOURCES

FALSE

STARTSCAPABILITIES

VISION INCENTIVES ACTION

PLANFRUSTRATIONCAPABILITIES

INCENTIVES RESOURCESACTION

PLANCONFUSIONCAPABILITIES

VISION INCENTIVES RESOURCESACTION

PLANSUCCESSCAPABILITIES

The Benefits of Complex Change

M. Lippitt (2003) Leading Complex Change. Enterprise Management, LTD.

VISION INCENTIVES RESOURCESACTION

PLANSUCCESSCAPABILITIES

Confidence

UNDERSTANDING Engagement

Commitment

Advocacy

Eight Lessons of Change You can’t mandate what matters Change is a journey not a blueprint Problems are our friends Vision and strategic planning come last Individualization and collectivism are both needed Neither centralization nor de-centralization works Connection with a wider environment is critical for success Every person is a change agent

Fullan (1993)

Stages of Change What are the factors that contribute to change

at each stage?

Phase I- Initiation

1.

2.

3.

4.

Fullan (1993)

Phase I- Initiation

1. High Profile Need

2. Clear Model

3. Strong Advocate

4. Active Initiation

Fullan (1993)

Phase II- Implementation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Fullan (1993)

Phase II- Implementation

1. Orchestration

2. Shared Control

3. Pressure & Support

4. Technical Assistance

5. Rewards

Fullan (1993)

Implementation Dip

Pre-implementationskill level

Fluid integrated use of new skills

Fullan (1993)

Phase III- Institutionalization

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Fullan (1993)

Phase III- Institutionalization

1. Embedding

2. Links to Instruction

3. Widespread Use

4. Removal of Competing Priorities

5. Continuing Assistance Fullan (1993)

Linking Our Changes to Student Outcomes

What are the student outcomes that will be impacted?

What are the researched-based practices that will influence these outcomes?

What are the organizational structures needed to support these practices?

What are the specific skills needed by educators in order to have these practices?

What will be the action plan to implement these practices?

Guskey (2000)

How Will We Know? How will we know we have achieved our

outcomes? What do we measure? How will we measure it? How will examine the integrity of the

implementation?

Something to Reflect on:

Integrity Did we do what we said we would do? Examine what was done

Quality Frequency Compare to plan, mission, goals

Examine reasons for non-completion or non-compliance

ResourcesFullan, M. (1993) Change forces: Probing the depths of

educational reform. New York:The Falmer Press.Fullan, M. (2001) Leading in a culture of change. San

Francisco:Jossey-Bass.Guskey, T. (2000) Evaluating professional development.

Thousand Oaks, CA:Corwin Press, Inc.Wheatley, M. J. (1994) Leadership and the new science:

Learning about organization from an orderly universe. San Francisco:Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.