Changing Life In Germany 1933-39 ‘Those who have youth on their side control the future.’
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Transcript of Changing Life In Germany 1933-39 ‘Those who have youth on their side control the future.’
Boys
10 – 14 Years Old
Deutsches Jungvolk – DJ (Pimpfen)
German Young People (Cubs)
Girls
10 – 14 Years Old
Jungmadelbund – JM
League of Young Girls
Boys
14 - 18 Years Old
Hitler Jugend – HJ
Hitler Youth
Girls
14 - 18 Years Old
Bund Deutscher Madel – BDM
League of German Girls
The Hitler Youth (HJ) was formed in 1926 and by 1932
108,000 youths between the ages of 10 and 18 had
joined.
“I promise to do my duty in love and loyalty to the Fuhrer and
our flag.”
“In the presence of this blood banner which represents the
Fuhrer, I swear to devote all my energies and my strength to
the saviour of our country, Adolf Hitler. I am willing and ready
to give up my life for him, so help me God.”
An oath taken by 10 Year Olds when they entered the Deutsches Jungvolk
The Pledge of Allegiance taken by all members of the Hitler Youth
Highlight the words and phrases which illustrate the dedication
of youths within Nazi Youth organisations?
Why do you think that Hitler and the Nazis made young people
repeat these promises over and over again while in the Hitler
Youth?
“We were very proud of our new Heim. It stood on one of the
most beautiful spots in our part of the town, close to the park.
The Hitler Youth, the Bund Deutscher Madel (League of German
Maidens), the Jungmadel (Young Maidens), and the Jungvolk
could all do their duty there simultaneously. Each unit had a
business room and a large room for indoor duty. Wide windows
and pale furniture made the rooms light. Books stood on the
wall shelves in easy reach of everybody. Parlour games lay in
the open cupboard; table-tennis tops were propped in the
corner. We had a fully equipped workshop in the cellar, as well
as showers. A caretaker couple looked after the cleaning and
the heating.” Taken from ‘I Was There’ by Hans Peter Richter (Puffin Books, 1987)
What do you think a Heim was and why do you think that the
members of the Nazi Youth Groups liked it so much?
Hans Peter Richter commented that ‘many found the new Heim
nicer than home’. He also goes on to describe ‘War Games’
practiced by the Hitler Youth Unit that he was part of in 1937.
“We marched to the works. ‘Works’ was the name given to a
large area outside of town. Someone had at one time started to
build vast factory halls there. But the work had been broken off
and the tract of land had lain fallow ever since. Mounds of
earth, excavated pits, all were overgrown with grass and
underbrush, in between lay piles of stone, remnants of walls,
broken train tracks. A perfect spot for war games!”
Why do you think that the Hitler Youth were taken to such areas to
participate in ‘War Games’?
Does this help you to understand the aims of the HJ as an
organisation?
Taken from ‘I Was There’ by Hans Peter Richter (Puffin Books, 1987)
The future of the German nation depends upon its youth and
must be prepared for its future duties…The whole of German
youth is organised in the Hitler Youth. All German young
people, apart from being educated at home and at school, will
be educated in the Hitler Youth physically, intellectually, and
morally in the spirit of National Socialism to serve the nation
and the community. Taken from the Nazi Youth Law, 1st December 1936
Why do you think that it was necessary for the Nazis to pass Laws
concerning the Hitler Youth?
Think about:
* The Nazi vision of the future of Germany
* Rebellious youths and parents
Hitler Youth Rules
Members of the HJ must not be seen in uniform with girls
Rules taken from Nazi Power in Germany by Greg and Jean Thie, Hutchinson, 1989
Next Rule
Hitler Youth Rules
Members of the HJ must not be seen in uniform with girls
Members of the HJ must not buy things at
Jewish shops
Rules taken from Nazi Power in Germany by Greg and Jean Thie, Hutchinson, 1989
Next Rule
Hitler Youth Rules
HJ members must ignore friends and parents whilst
marching along
Members of the HJ must not be seen in uniform with girls
Members of the HJ must not buy things at
Jewish shops
Rules taken from Nazi Power in Germany by Greg and Jean Thie, Hutchinson, 1989
Question
Hitler Youth Rules
HJ members must ignore friends and parents whilst
marching along
Members of the HJ must not be seen in uniform with girls
Members of the HJ must not buy things at
Jewish shops
Rules taken from Nazi Power in Germany by Greg and Jean Thie, Hutchinson, 1989
After reading through these rules, how much control do you
think that the HJ had over the lives of young people within Nazi
Germany?
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
Fact 3
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
Fact 4
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
Fact 5
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
Fact 6
By 1932 there were
108,000 members of The Hitler
Youth
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
The aim of the HJ was to prepare boys for military service and to be strong
future leaders of Germany
Fact 7
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
By 1932 there were
108,000 members of The Hitler
Youth
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
The aim of the HJ was to prepare boys for military service and to be strong
future leaders of Germany
Emphasis in the HJ and BDM was
placed upon physical fitness, group activities
and obedience to the Nazi Party
Fact 8
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
By 1932 there were
108,000 members of The Hitler
Youth
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
The Hitler Youth Law was passed in 1936 and stated that all
youths should belong to the Hitler Youth. Joining the Hitler
Youth became compulsory in 1939
The aim of the HJ was to prepare boys for military service and to be strong
future leaders of Germany
Emphasis in the HJ and BDM was
placed upon physical fitness, group activities
and obedience to the Nazi Party
Fact 9
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
By 1932 there were
108,000 members of The Hitler
Youth
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
The Hitler Youth Law was passed in 1936 and stated that all
youths should belong to the Hitler Youth. Joining the Hitler
Youth became compulsory in 1939
The aim of the BDM was to
prepare girls for
motherhood
The aim of the HJ was to prepare boys for military service and to be strong
future leaders of Germany
Emphasis in the HJ and BDM was
placed upon physical fitness, group activities
and obedience to the Nazi Party
Fact 10
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
By 1932 there were
108,000 members of The Hitler
Youth
You had to swear an oath of
allegiance to the Fuhrer
Hitler YouthFacts
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
The abbreviation
used for Hitler Youth is HJ
By 1939 there
were 7.3 million
members of The Hitler Youth
The Hitler Youth Law was passed in 1936 and stated that all
youths should belong to the Hitler Youth. Joining the Hitler
Youth became compulsory in 1939
The aim of the BDM was to
prepare girls for
motherhood
The aim of the HJ was to prepare boys for military service and to be strong
future leaders of Germany
Emphasis in the HJ and BDM was
placed upon physical fitness, group activities
and obedience to the Nazi Party
At 14 girls joined the League of
German Girls - BDM
By 1932 there were
108,000 members of The Hitler
Youth
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
Reaction 2
Many young people liked the feeling of importance – the uniform, the respect, the
adoration…
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
Reaction 3
Many young people liked the feeling of importance – the uniform, the respect, the
adoration…
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
Lots of youths
resented the fact
that their old
clubs and youth
groups were
banned
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
Reaction 4
Many young people liked the feeling of importance – the uniform, the respect, the
adoration…
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
Many youths disliked the strict regimentation –
being told what to do and when to do it
Lots of youths
resented the fact
that their old
clubs and youth
groups were
banned
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
Reaction 5
Many young people liked the feeling of importance – the uniform, the respect, the
adoration…
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
Alternative youth groups sprang up across Germany – e.g. The Edelweiss
Pirates, The Navajos Gang, The Kittelbach Pirates…
Many youths disliked the strict regimentation –
being told what to do and when to do it
Lots of youths
resented the fact
that their old
clubs and youth
groups were
banned
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
Reaction 6
Many young people liked the feeling of importance – the uniform, the respect, the
adoration…
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
Alternative youth groups sprang up across Germany – e.g. The Edelweiss
Pirates, The Navajos Gang, The Kittelbach Pirates…
Many youths disliked the strict regimentation –
being told what to do and when to do it
Alternative youth groups ambushed
Hitler Youth patrols and beat them up. Some
girls resented the fact that they
were ‘trained’ to be housewives and mothers at such a young
age.
Lots of youths
resented the fact
that their old
clubs and youth
groups were
banned
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
Reaction 7
Many young people liked the feeling of importance – the uniform, the respect, the
adoration…
Lots of youths wanted to
listen to Jazz, try out new
fashions and hair styles,
smoke and drink alcohol.
All of these activities were
banned in The Hitler
Youth
Many young people enjoyed the
excitement of the HJ – camping,
hiking, weapons training…
Alternative youth groups sprang up across Germany – e.g. The Edelweiss
Pirates, The Navajos Gang, The Kittelbach Pirates…
Many youths disliked the strict regimentation –
being told what to do and when to do it
Alternative youth groups ambushed
Hitler Youth patrols and beat them up. Some
girls resented the fact that they
were ‘trained’ to be housewives and mothers at such a young
age.
Lots of youths
resented the fact
that their old
clubs and youth
groups were
banned
How did young people within Germany react
to the HJ?
“Youth Serves the Führer” All 10-year-olds into the Hitler
Youth."
What I can see
Hitler in the
backgroundYoung HJ
boy. Aryan in
appearance, serious, looking ahead
(in awe?)Military/ Smart
Uniform
Caption in Bold
Key Questions
Left hand mouse click to check your response
before moving on
“Youth Serves the Führer” All 10-year-olds into the Hitler
Youth."
What I can see
Hitler in the
backgroundYoung HJ
boy. Aryan in
appearance, serious, looking ahead
(in awe?)Military/ Smart
Uniform
Caption in Bold
Key Questions
Who is this poster aimed at?
“Youth Serves the Führer” All 10-year-olds into the Hitler
Youth."
What I can see
Hitler in the
backgroundYoung HJ
boy. Aryan in
appearance, serious, looking ahead
(in awe?)Military/ Smart
Uniform
Caption in Bold
Key Questions
Who is this poster aimed at?
Why was this poster produced?
“Youth Serves the Führer” All 10-year-olds into the Hitler
Youth."
What I can see
Hitler in the
backgroundYoung HJ
boy. Aryan in
appearance, serious, looking ahead
(in awe?)Military/ Smart
Uniform
Caption in Bold
Key Questions
Who is this poster aimed at?
Why was this poster produced?
What does this poster tell you
about Nazi attitude towards
youth?
What I can see
Smiling, happy
Aryan and healthy in
appearance
Nazi Party Flag
Flag bearer
Key Questions
Left hand mouse click to check your response
before moving on
Caption/message in
bold
What I can see
Smiling, happy
Aryan and healthy in
appearance
Nazi Party Flag
Flag bearer
Key Questions
Who is this
poster aimed at?
Left hand mouse click to check your response
before moving on
Caption/message in
bold
What I can see
Smiling, happy
Aryan and healthy in
appearance
Nazi Party Flag
Flag bearer
Key Questions
Who is this
poster aimed at?
Why was this
poster produced?
What makes it
so effective?
Left hand mouse click to check your response
before moving on
Caption/message in
bold
What is happening in the picture?
What does this tell you about the degree to which young people within Germany were exposed to Nazi ideas and
beliefs?
1932 108,000
1934 3.6 million
1936 5.4 million
1938 7.0 million
1939 7.3 million
Figures showing membership of the Hitler Youth
Based upon all that you learnt, how do you account
for the rapid growth in membership of the Hitler
Youth?
1932 108,000
1934 3.6 million
1936 5.4 million
1938 7.0 million
1939 7.3 million
Figures showing membership of the Hitler Youth
Based upon all that you learnt, how do you account
for the rapid growth in membership of the Hitler
Youth?It may be worth noting that the total number of 10-18 year olds in Germany in 1939 was 8.9 million.
So what have I learnt about the H.J.?
(Some information has already been added for you)
You experienced outdoor
activities such as hiking and
camping
By 1939 there were 7.3 million members of The Hitler Youth