Changing Congress 1.Elections. The 111 th Congress.

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Changing Congress 1.Elections

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Transcript of Changing Congress 1.Elections. The 111 th Congress.

Page 1: Changing Congress 1.Elections. The 111 th Congress.

Changing Congress

1. Elections

Page 2: Changing Congress 1.Elections. The 111 th Congress.

The 111th Congress

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The 112th Congress

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111th Congress258 Democrats

112th Congress193 democrats

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111th 112th

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The Congress (=House of Representatives)

435 Representatives since the Apportionment Act of 1911

Irrespective of population growth

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Changing Congress

1. Redistricting in response to population change

The population of Texas increased by 25% between 2000 and 2010 –

from 20 million to 25 million

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One Person, One Vote: The Equal Population Requirement

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112th Congress, 32

seats

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San Antonio

Austin

Houston

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113th Congress, 36 seats

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Minority Vote Dilution and

Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act

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Census Block Groups

Texas_BGs

HISPANIC / POP2010

0.000000000 - 0.1500

0.1501 - 0.2856

0.2857 - 0.4476

0.4477 - 0.6350

0.6351 - 0.8304

0.8305 - 1.000

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Census Block Groups

Texas_BGs

HISPANIC / POP2010

0.000000000 - 0.1500

0.1501 - 0.2856

0.2857 - 0.4476

0.4477 - 0.6350

0.6351 - 0.8304

0.8305 - 1.000

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Redistricting ProcessGeneral Redistricting Principles

• One person, one vote• Minority voting rights• County line rule for house districts• Contiguity• Compactness

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Counties (containing VTDs) by color with 112th Congressional districts in outline

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Counties (containing VTDs) by color with 112th Congressional districts in outline

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• Contiguity• Compactness

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Gerrymandering

22

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Census Block Groups

Texas_BGs

HISPANIC / POP2010

0.000000000 - 0.1500

0.1501 - 0.2856

0.2857 - 0.4476

0.4477 - 0.6350

0.6351 - 0.8304

0.8305 - 1.000

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Census datafield example

FID 4848

ObjectID 5697

STATE_FIPS 48code for the state according to Federal Information Processing Standards

CNTY_FIPS 61

STCOFIPS 48061

TRACT 12504

BLKGRP 2

A census block group is a geographical unit used by the United States Census Bureau which is between the census tract and the census block. It is the smallest geographical unit for which the bureau publishes sample data, i.e. data which is only collected from a fraction of all households.

FIPS 480610125042

POP2000 2667

POP00_SQMI 962.8

POP2010 11659

POP10_SQMI 4209

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WHITE 10334

BLACK 73

AMERI_ES 63American Eskimo

ASIAN 138

HAWN_PI 0Hawaaian Pacific Islander

HISPANIC 10629

OTHER 884

MULT_RACE 167multiple races

MALES 5574

FEMALES 6085AGE_UNDER5 1170

AGE_5_9 1311

AGE_10_14 1333

AGE_15_19 1015

AGE_20_24 662

AGE_25_34 1831

AGE_35_44 1740

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AGE_45_54 1211

AGE_55_64 824

AGE_65_74 331

AGE_75_84 189

AGE_85_UP 42

MED_AGE 27median age

MED_AGE_M 24.5

MED_AGE_F 29

HOUSEHOLDS 3022A household consists of all people who occupy a housing unit regardless of relationship.

AVE_HH_SZ 3.86average household size

HSEHLD_1_M 91households w/ 1 male

HSEHLD_1_F 130households w/ 1 female

MARHH_CHD 1459married households w/ children

MARHH_NO_C 539married households no children

MHH_CHILD 93male household w/ children

FHH_CHILD 485female household w/ children

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FAMILIES 2745

A family consists of two or more people (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption residing in the same housing unit.

AVE_FAM_SZ 4.04

HSE_UNITS 3153housing units

VACANT 131

OWNER_OCC 2553owner occupied

RENTER_OCC 469renter occupiedSQMI 2.77

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Voting tabulation districts 2008 Presidential Election

Texas_VTD

Pres_R_08 / Pres_D_08

0.000000000 - 0.4013

0.4014 - 0.8823

0.8824 - 1.554

1.555 - 2.443

2.444 - 3.625

3.626 - 80.00

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VTD – Voting Tabulation Districts

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Election data

• The Voting Tabulation DistrictVoting precincts become TVTDs

Precinct 1

Precinct 3

Prec

inct

4

Prec

inct

2VTD 1

VTD 3VT

D 4

VTD

2

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Results of Change

• Consistent geography for apples-to-apples demographic comparisons over time

• Integrates elections & voter information with census geography– VTD boundaries = tabulation block boundaries

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Voting Tabulation

District Data

field examplesFID 4844CNTYVTD 570002 County voting tablulation districtCNTY 57COLOR 1VTDKEY 1210 VTD identifierCNTYKEY 29VTD 2Shape_area 2354195.33Shape_len 7506.5651NV_D 369.3068Normal vote for Ds over many electionsNV_R 151.6932Normal vote for Rs over many electionsGov_D_02 357 Governor’s race Democratic voteGov_R_02 100Pres_D_04 312 President’s race Democratic votePres_R_04 230Gov_D_06 198Gov_R_06 68Pres_D_08 334Pres_R_08 187Gov_D_10 164Gov_R_10 102vap 1427 Voting age population

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Texas Redistricts based on the 2010 US Census

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Plan C185

• June 20 2011 plan put forward by Texas Legislature

• See the lab for the shapefile• One example: Lloyd Doggett

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The restructuring of selected districts under C185 (the state legislature’s plan)

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Plan C220

• November 26, 2011 plan announced by the US District Court for the Western District of Texas.

• This was vacate by the US Supreme Court on January 20, 2012

• See the lab for the shapefile

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C185 Black linesC220 Red lines

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Plan C235

• The interim congressional plan ordered by the Western District Court

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C185 Black linesC235 Purple lines


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