Changes in CivilizationObjective:The student will analyze the constant

change & evolution of civilizations through factors such as environmental influences, migratory patterns & conflicts.

WarmUp #1 1. Write a ½-page reflection on:

– “ What is history?”– “How do we know about the past?”

Introduction to Prehistory

Prehistory: the time before we have any written records

How do we know about history?

Anthropology– focuses more on culture &

human remains/human fossils.

Archaeology - studies past societies by what they left behind, called artifacts.(tools, household items, weapons, etc.)

Key Concept: We analyze the remains to draw conclusions about people’s lives & culture.

Paleolithic AgePaleo = old Lithic = stonecirca 1,000,000 BC-18,000 BC lived in caveslearned to control firedeveloped a spoken languageearly religionearly art

Hominids: creatures that walk upright

Beliefs of Early HumansReligion explains the

workings of nature & the existence of things.

Animism: the belief that all things in nature have spirits.

As Humans progressed, their spiritual practices developed. A few groups of early humans would bury their dead, showing a belief in an afterlife.

Stone Age People Nomads: moving from place to

place following their food source, the migrating herds of animals

relied on natural resources & lived in small groups

hunter-gatherers: men hunted & women cared for children = survival was necessary!

Hall of Bulls: Lascaux, France

1. What is the subject of the art?2. Why might the people who made the art have provided more details for some

animals over others?3. What skills & materials would artists have needed to create these images?

Neolithic Age Neo = new Lithic =

stone 10,000 BC – 4500 BC from pre-pottery to first

pottery domestication of plants &

animals flint tools Mother Goddess (“Earth”) Agricultural Revolution

Changes duringthe Neolithic Revolution led to the emergence of Civilizations

acquire food on a regular

basis

rise of permanent

villagestrading of

goods, division of

labor

Civilization

Beginnings of Civilization3 things are needed:

1. people produce surplus food.2. towns or cities with governments.3. people perform specialized jobs.

Catal Huyuk: a farming village

Analyze the visual on Catal Huyuk on pg. 16 of the text & answer #1 & 2.

~Catal is Turkish for "fork" ~Höyük for "mound”

Cause Effect Rise of Civilization

People produced weapons and jewelryfor trade. People of Çatal Hüyük traded with neighboring people.

Communities were exposed to newtechnology & different goods. Wealthincreased & society became more complex. People formed armies, built walled cities & developed governments.

Craftspeople in Asia learned to createbronze by melting copper & tin.

The Bronze Age began.

Writing was developed. People began to keep records.

Men became more active in farmingand women cared for the children.

Men took a more dominant role insociety.

The planting of crops & the domestication of animals began.

People had access to a regular food supply; people built settlements, houses & storage shelters that were more permanent.

Bartering

From Villages…to Cities! Cities:

– larger, more densely populated–more diversity: many unrelated

people–defensive walls–center of trade for surrounding

areas–more formal organization

temples, palaces, monuments, government buildings & marketplaces

Characteristics of Civilizations

cities government religion specialization of labor social structure writing/records art/literature

Civilization: a complex society with many characteristics

Changes in Civilizations 1. Environmental Influences

– dependence on farming: nature could devastate crops & destroy civilizations

– storms/floods: wipe out cities (droughts kill livestock)

– food shortage: weaken a civilization & make it vulnerable to outside attack

– people needed outside resources they lacked trees, metals, stones, etc. TRADE!

Changes in Civilization 2. Spread of People & Ideas

– movement of people through trade, migration & conquest helps to spread ideas & culture

– traveling merchants: learned new languages

– migrants: brought languages, customs & traditions with them to new areas

– civilizations imposed their own culture on conquered peoples

– Cultural Diffusion: the spread of ideas, beliefs, customs & technology from one culture to the next advances in writing, religion, art, farming, etc.

spread

Changes in Civilization 3. Expansion & Warfare

– civilizations grew & needed more land & resources to support & sustain their population

– conflicts arose over rich farmland, important sea ports, or regions with valuable resources

– as a result, some civilizations developed into states & kingdoms

– conflicts between nomadic tribal groups & civilizations because of land

– Nomads- usually skilled warriors, domestication of the horse helped nomads & mobility (raided villages & cities)

Say Hello to John Green! Crash Course:

– the Agricultural Revolution: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I

Homework #1Develop a civilization of your own!

– What conditions would exist for your civilization to grow, develop & flourish in the ancient world? Must include:

– 1) government/laws– 2) religion– 3) traditions– 4) farming/markets/trade ($)– 5) towns? nomadic people?

Must be at least 1-page in length– complete sentences– detailed & thorough