Chandrayaan 1 Unveiled

8/14/2019 Chandrayaan 1 Unveiled

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Inform inspire innovate


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Chandrayaan-1,Our first Scientific mission to Moon is slated for launch inYear,2008. The primary objectives of the mission are to expand the scientific

knowledge about the origin and evolution of moon, upgrade Our technological

capabilities and provide challenging opportunities to the young scientists

working in Space sciences and Technology .


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Chandrayaan-1 is aimed at:

To prepare a 3D Atlas (with a high spatial and altitude resolutionof 5-10m) of both near and far side of the Moon.

Chemical, Mineralogical and Photo-geologic mapping of the moon in

visible, near infra red, low energy and high energy X-rays with high spatialresolution.

Mapping of distribution of minerals such as Si, Al, Mg, Ca, Ilmenites(FeTiO3, which may retain 3He) and elemental chemical species including

radioactive nuclides with spatial resolution of about 25 Km and 20Km resp.

Mapping could unravel the mysteries about the origin andevolution of the planetary system in general and moon-earth system in particular.


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SOME MOON ROVERS

Pioneer

Ranger

Surveyor

Lunar orbiter(1966-1967)

Luna

Zond

Galileo

Clementine

Lunar prospector Smart-1

Selene

Change-1

A total of 40 soviet and USspacecrafts were either

partially or completelysuccessful in achieving their

objectives.

Six successful Apollomissions.

Returned with 800 poundsof lunar material.


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LUMPS OF DATA Moon has been surveyed and resurveyed in almost all

the wavelengths with the objective of mapping the

surface, determining the mineralogical compositionof the crust and providing topographic maps with

high resolution.

Several gravity surveys.

Data on the Moons magnetic field , atmosphere andits interaction with space environment have been

collected.


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Can more be learned or discoveredabout the Moon?


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Why the sudden surge and interest inlearning more about MOON?


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To Answer some of the fundamental questionsregarding the origin and evolution of Moon, which

still remain unanswered through:


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To resolve longstanding questions aboutthe Moons history.

The Fission Theory The Capture Theory

The Co-accretion Theory

The Colliding Planetesimal Theory

The Giant Impact Theory

Five theories already in.

ISRO THEORY ?


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MISSION HISTORIES

European-American CLEMENTINE mission: Southern topography view of the South Pole-Aitken Basin,on the Lunar far side

by Laser image detection and ranging system (LIDAR) .

High resolution cameras (HIRES) photography

Whole lunar surface in Ultra violet, visible, Near IR and long wave IR bands froma lunar orbit of about 425 km.

First global data sets for lunar gravity, topography and multi spectral imagingwith about 200 m resolution.

LUNAR PROSPECTOR launched in January 1998

Remote sensing instruments :

Gamma-ray spectrometer, Neutron spectrometer, Alpha particle

spectrometer, etc.

Provided valuable scientific data on the distribution of Thorium, Potassium, otherradioactive and stable elements eg., Fe, Ti, etc.

Clementines Radar reflectivity experiments hinted at the possibility ofexistence of large amounts of water frozen on the permanently shadowedpolar regions of the Moon.

Lunar Prospectors Neutron Spectrometer detected bursts of slowneutrons over the Moons poles, suggesting presence of hydrogen atoms

and hence possible presence of water/ice.


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Spacecraft: 1.5m 3 axis stabilized

cuboid. Approx 500Kg in lunar orbit.

Configuration:100Km polar orbit

Observation period : 2 years

Design based on kalpana-Sat(met sat)

On to moon ! CH-1

Instruments: 11 (5 indigenous & 6 by AO)

(3Europe,1Bulgaria,2 U.S)


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LAUNCHER AND SPACECRAFT


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TMC


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HySI


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LEX-CIXS


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HEX


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LLRI


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NASA (JPL) S MAJOR FUNDAMENTAL

CONTRIBUTIONS IN CH-1

MINIATURE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR

(MINI-SAR)

MOON MINERALOGY MAPPER (M3)

DEEP SPACE NETWORK SUPPORT- JPL


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Same as Mini-SAR on CH-1


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Key Science Chandrayaan-1 Instruments/(**AO PAYLOADS)

(AO-announcement of opportunity)

LRO-NASA

Chemistry/ mineralogy/

geology

Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI)

High Energy X-Ray Spectrometer (HEX)

Imaging X-ray Spectrometer* (C1XS)

Near IR Spectrometer* (SIR-2)

Moon Mineralogy Mapper *(M-Cube)

LEND

LAMP

Surface Structure/

Topography

Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC)

Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI)

LOLA

LROC

Surface Environment/

solar wind interaction/

magnetism

Sub-K ev Atom Reflecting Analyzer*

(SARA)

DLRE

Near Moon radiationenvironment

Radiation Dose Monitor Experiment*(RADOM)

CRaTER

Water Ice Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar*

(Mini SAR)

Mini-RF

Impactor Moon Impact Probe (MIP) LCROSS


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SAR IN NASAs LRO

LRO will carry high resolution SAR that will concentrate onthe returning measurements from the Moons polar regions .

( repeated as in chandrayaan-1)NASAS MOTIVE: DATA VALIDATION .

More over, data from the two missions may resolve theconflicting interpretations that have been made based on theClementine, lunar prospector and earth based observationaldata.

LRO will be having a free-flying impacting pay load andLCROSS a plume analyzer.


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Nasas Motive- Technology Demonstrationbefore launching in their Lunar mission.


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ESA and Europes fundamental

contribution The experience and know-how ESA gained with SMART-1, Europes first mission

to the Moon, is benefiting Chandrayaan-1 greatly.

ESA is assisting ISRO in operations, data handling, flight dynamics for the mission,has provided support in areas such as thermal design and is providing support fordata archiving and processing .

ESA is also coordinating the provision of three European instruments for themission, two of which were already flown on SMART-1:

The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) is one of the core instruments thatwill carry out high-quality, low-energy (soft) X-ray spectroscopic mapping of the Moon .

The near infrared spectrometer, SIR-2, a near-infrared spectrometer which is plannedfor their mission to mercury .(BEPICOLOMBIA)

The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer SARA will be the first-ever lunarexperiment dedicated to direct studies of plasma-surface interactions in space.

It will also contribute to the hardware for the High- Energy X-ray Spectrometer(HEX)

source-ESA home


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ESAS SMART-1

SMART-1 includes a

High-resolution camera,

A near infrared spectrometer (SIR) and

A compact X-ray spectrometer with a new type of sweptcharge detector and micro collimator.

Imaging X-ray Spectrometer (CIXS)

Solar X-ray Monitor (SXM)

DESIGNED TO IMPACT THE MOONS PERMANENTLYSHAWDOWED POLAR CRATER.

ESAs Smart-1 impacted the moon in September, 2006.

The impact was observed and analyzed.


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MIP

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Landingthe probe at desired location and

to qualify some technologies of soft

landing.

RADAR ALTIMETER ANDVIDEO IMAGER for aiding and

documenting the landing of probe.

A MASS SPECTROMETER tostudy the transient atmosphere of

moon.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPED INVSSC.

STRUCTURE

MASS

SPECTROMETER

CAMERA

UHF ANTENNA

RADAR

ALTIMTER

MIP

T/M UNIT


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To ride piggyback on Main orbiter and to be released after reaching100 KM x 100 KM lunar orbit

Camera and Radar Altimeter are required to view the Moons

surface - the configuration is spin stabilized after separation (Initialspin rate of 120 rpm )

De-orbit velocity is 69 m/s : achieved by a de-orbit solid motor(about 3 seconds of firing)

After de-orbit motor firing, spin rate is reduced to 30 rpm to improveimage quality.

Total mission time : 1437.7 s

Impact site : Malapert Mountain (-860 Lat. and 00 Long.)

Mission Salient Features


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Potential Impact site

Criteria Illumination Near North or South pole Near side of the Moon

23 sites near north and south poles explored

Malapert Mountain is selected since it is most suitable.

Latitude = 86 deg South ; Longitude = 0.0 deg ;

Perpetually visible from Earth and Radio relay stations areproposed in future .

Nearer to the south pole

Peak is 5 km high and fairly large area of somewhat level terrain isavailable

a six degree of down slope.


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MIP PACKAGE


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MIP-CHANDRAYAAN ASSEMBLY


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Shackleton

Mt. Malapert

Sverdrup

MIP IMPACT POINT- MT. MALAPERT


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Comparison with Japan and chinasLunar missions.

Kaguya Selene

Change-1


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KAGUYA - SELENE

Main Orbiter

MissionOrbit:

Circular orbit,Altitude 100kmInclination 90 degree

Small satellites

Orbit:(InitialOrbit)

[Relay Satellite]Elliptical orbit

(100km x 2400km),90 deg.[VRAD Satellite]Elliptical orbit(100km x 800km), 90 deg.

Direction of the Earth

KAGUYA Main Orbiter

OKINA(RSTAR)

OUNA

(VSTAR)

North

South

KAGUYAs orbit on Feb. 15, 2008.

Objectives and Roles of KAGUYA


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1. ObjectivesGlobal survey of the MoonTo research the origin and evolution of the Moon by observing the distribution of theelements and minerals on the surface, the structure of the surface and subsurface, thegravity field, the remnant of the magnetic field and the environment of energetic

particles and plasma of the Moon.

Data Application to Future Moon UtilizationTo be used for future activities on the Moon and the possibility of future utilization of theMoon

Public OutreachTo make a public outreach by taking pictures and movies of the beautiful Earth risingfrom the Moon using its onboard High Definition Television System

2. User ServicesSELENE (KAGUYA) scientific observation data will be made available to the public

through LENE homepage after finishing scientific validation and verification by missioninstrument teams.

Objectives and Roles of KAGUYA

O i f KAGUYA S t llit


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Overview of KAGUYA Satellite

Bus equipmentMission equipment

High Definition Television (HDTV)

Gamma-ray Spectrometer (GRS)

Terrain Camera (TC)

Multi-band Imager (MI)

RSTAR(OKINA)PACE

Solar array

paddle

VSTAR(OUNA)

500N thruster

Omni antenna

X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)

Charged Particle

Spectrometer (CPS)High gain antenna

Upper Atmosphere and

Plasma Imager (UPI)

Star tracker

Plasma Energy Angle and

Composition Experiment (PACE)

Heat radiation panel 1N thruster

Laser Altimeter (LALT)

To the Moon

Spectral Profiler (SP)

Most extensive mission to moon after Apollo missions.

Key science SELENE- Instruments CH-1 Instruments


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y

Chemical/

Mineralogicaldistribution&

Mapping.

X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS)

-Ray Spectrometer (GRS)Spectral Profiler (SP)

Multi-band Imager (MI)

Low energy X-ray-CIXS(UK)

High energy X-ray-HEXA near infra-red

spectrometer(SIR-2)-(GER.)

Hyper spectral imager.

Moon mineralogy mapper.(M3)

Mini-SAR. - (NASA)

Tectonic history/

Surface structure

Terrain Camera (TC)

Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS)

Laser Altimeter (LALT)

Terrain mapping camera

Lunar laser ranging (LLRI)

SurfaceEnvironment and

solar wind

interaction/

Magnetism.

Charged Particle Spectrometer (CPS)Plasma energy Angle and

Composition Experiment (PACE)

Radio Science (RS)

HDTV imaging

Sub-KeV atomic reflectinganalyzer. (SARA)-(Sweden)

Radiation dose monitor

-(Bulgaria)

Gravity field(including far-side)

4-Way DopplerDifferential VLBI

--(our most of the mappinginstruments are foreign)

Magnetic field Lunar magnetometer (LMAG) --

Moon

Magnetosphere

Upper atmosphere and Plasma Imager

(UPI)

--


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EARTH RISE as seen by SELENE-HDTV images

A successful mission


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HIGH DEFINITION T.V IMAGES


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Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation


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Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation

ChangE- 1

Named after an angel in a

Chinese fairy tale . First of 3 planned missions

Launch: Launched on 24,october2007.

Dry mass: 2000 kg Science payload- 150 kg

Observation period-1 year.

Objectives

Test and Validate technologyfor future missions.

Study lunar environment andsurface regolith .TOTALLY INDIGENEOUS MISSION


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The primary scientific objectives

To obtain three-dimensional stereo images of the lunarsurface. (except Polar areas)

Analyze the distribution and abundance of elements on thesurface.

Survey the thickness of lunar soil and to evaluate helium-3resources and other characteristics.

And ,To explore the environment between the Moon andEarth .

To collect basic information for the follow-on

Soft landing mission.

The science payload comprises


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The science payload comprises

eight instruments: A stereo camera system to map the lunar surface in visible wavelengths, with aresolution of 160m

An interferometer imaging spectrometer to obtain multi spectral images of the

Moon.

A laser altimeter with a resolution of 1 m to measure the topography.

A gamma ray and an X-ray spectrometer to study the overall composition andradioactive components of the Moons surface.

A microwave radiometer to map the thickness of the lunar regolith, willpenetrate the lunar crust to depths ranging from one m to 30m.

And ,a high energy particle detector and solar wind monitors capable ofdetecting electrons and heavy ions upto 730 MeV on the space environment ofthe near-lunar region.

A powerful suite of experiments that will add to ourknowledge of Moons surface and shallow subsurface.Donald A. Beattie former NASA engineer.

Author-Lunar Experiments and the APOLLO program.

Chang'e 1 will orbit the Moon for a year to test the technology for

f t i i d t t d th l i t d f


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future missions and to study the lunar environment and surfaceregolith.

Launched on 24 October 2007 at 10:05 UT (18:05 Chinese StandardTime, 6:05 a.m. EDT) on a CZ-3A (Long March 3A) booster.

The satellite was deployed into a 205 x 51000 km Earth orbit from the

boosters upper stage at 10:29 UT.

It was put into a trans-lunar trajectory with a 13 minute burn startingat 09:15 UT on 31 October which increased its speed to 10.9 km/s.

It went into a 12 hour, 200 x 8600 km altitude near-polar lunar orbitwith a 22 minute braking burn starting at 03:15 UT on 5 November.

A second braking maneuver, from 03:21 to 03:35 UT on 6 Novemberput the spacecraft into a 3.5 hour, 213 x 1700 km orbit.

A third, from 00:24 to 00:34 UT on 7 November, slowed the probe to1.59 km/s and put it into the final 127 minute, 200 km altitude, circularhigh-inclination science orbit.


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Instrument comparisoSMART 1 ChangE

SELENE Chandrayaan 1 LRO/


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INSTRUMENTSSMART-1(ESA)

ChangE(CAST)

SELENE(JAXA)

Chandrayaan-1(ISRO)

LRO/LCROSS

(NASA)Stereo imager X X X X

Visible- Near-IR camera X

UV Imager X

IR spectrometer X X

Magnetometer X

X-ray spectrometer X X X X

G-ray experiment X X

Neutron detector X

Laser altimeter X X X X X

Plasma/Ion experiments X X X X X

Sub-Kev atom reflecting analyzer X

Microwave sounder X X

Gravity field/seismology/heat flow

Thermal emission radiometer X

Radiation dose monitor X

Mineralogy experiment X

Penetrator/Impactor X X

GENERAL INFO.


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GENERAL INFO.

MISSIONS SMART-1(ESA)

ChangE-1(CAST)

SELENE(JAXA)

Chandrayaan-1(ISRO)

LRO(NASA)

Dry mass 305 kg 2000 kg 1984 kg 590 kg 500 kg

Launch 2003-2006 2007 2007 SEP-2008(tent.) 2008

Follow onmission

TBD

Instruments on

Chandrayaan-1

ChangE-2

Lander -

rover/

Sample

return/Humans on

moon

TBD

Lunar -A,

Rover

TBD

(Russian Rover)

More robotic

missions/

LPRP/

Lunar

base/humanson the Moon

International

participationX X

Release ofdata to thecommunity

X X X

Overall Mission objective:


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Overall Mission objective:

Chandrayaan-1 : A learning exercise in developing, launching andoperating a spacecraft that will be in Lunar orbit.

Conclusion:Our small steps will continue to advance our

capabilities regardless of whether or not any major scientificgoal will be achieved.


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SOURCE- NASA HOME

TRAJECTORY OUTLINE


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TRAJECTORY OUTLINE

Aposelinum Biasing Strategy.

(1) Insert into 500 x 5000 km

lunar parking orbit. (2) Transfer to 100 x 5000 km

LPO.

(3) Transfer to 100 x 100 km LPO.

DELV req. (2) and (3) for GeneralStrategy = 487.1 m/s

DELV req. for (2) AND (3) inAposeleinum biasing = 458 m/s

Gain = 29 m/s ; Reduction inpropellant about 7 kg;


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- The New Indian Express


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Indian Lunar Mission Set

NEW DELHI- The Indian Space Research

Organization (ISRO) plans to launch the country'sfirst unmanned lunar spacecraft, Chandrayaan-1,on Oct 22. The Chandrayaan-1 mission willperform high-resolution remote sensing of themoon in the visible, near-infrared (NIR), low-energy X-ray and high-energy X-ray regions. Thespacecraft will orbit the moon for a planned two-

year mission carrying a payload of six Indian andfive international scientific instruments.


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THANK YOU

Chandrayaan 1 Unveiled

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