Chandler Nanolubricants Presentation for THECIS
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Transcript of Chandler Nanolubricants Presentation for THECIS
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7/30/2019 Chandler Nanolubricants Presentation for THECIS
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NanolubricantsNanolubricantsSpecialty Lubricant Additives That Reduce Wear in Heavy EquipmenSpecialty Lubricant Additives That Reduce Wear in Heavy Equipmentt
Dr. Brett ChandlerDr. Brett Chandler
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The Real Cost of Lubrication
Has little to do with the cost of theHas little to do with the cost of the
lubricantlubricant
Real CostReal Cost is measured by the costsis measured by the costs
associated with the failure to have theassociated with the failure to have the
right lubricant, in the right place, at theright lubricant, in the right place, at theright time.right time.
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Introduction - Tribology
Tribology is concerned with theTribology is concerned with the
science and the technology of thescience and the technology of theinterface of two or more surfacesinterface of two or more surfaces
in relative motion and contactin relative motion and contact
.The Study of Friction, Wear, and Lubrication.The Study of Friction, Wear, and Lubrication
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The Lubricant Market
FACT: Scientific research has shown that ~0.4% ofgross domestic product could be saved in terms of energy in
western industrialized countries if current tribologicalknowledge, i.e. the science of friction, wear and lubrication,
was just applied to lubricated processes. *Lubricants and Lubrication 2nd Ed.
That is a potential savings of $1.1 billion for the province ofAlberta.
To extract that savings, we must have a goodunderstanding of the basics of Tribology
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Introduction - Tribology
Diverse ApplicationsDiverse Applications --
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Introduction - Tribology
ChallengeChallenge -- Friction and wear are significant sources ofFriction and wear are significant sources of
energy and material losses in mechanical processes.energy and material losses in mechanical processes.
Lubrication is a principal focus of efforts to improveLubrication is a principal focus of efforts to improve
energy efficiency and mechanical durability.energy effic iency and mechanical durabili ty.
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Introduction - Lubricant Additives
To function effectively, the lubricant needs chemicaladdit ives as well as base oils.
Depending on the application, various combinations of
additives are used to meet the required performance level;the most important are listed:
Detergents
Dispersants
Antioxidants
Pout point depressants
Viscosity Modifiers
Anti-wear & Extreme Pressure
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Tribosystem Friction
A Tribosystem is comprised of four core components: Contacting Material Opposing Material Interface and medium occupying the interface
Environment
Contacting Material
Opposing Material
Interface
Environment
(Air)
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AsperityAsperity
Tribosystem Friction
Surfaces in contact and motion wi ll encounter asperity contactthat will result in wear
Asperity is defined as local regions where the surface is rough,harsh, and uneven.
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Tribosystem Friction
All metal surfaces, irrespective of their finish, contain ridges, valleys,asperities and depressions
Polished Bearing
Surface
Actual atomic image of polished
stainless steel
The higher the level of friction, the higher the level of wear!
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Summary Lubrication Conditions
Full film lubrication Commonly referred to as the
hydrodynamic lubrication regime.
Viscosity of the fluid dictateslubrication characteristics.
E.g., Fully lubricated journal Bearing
Mixed film lubrication Occurs when boundary friction occurs
with fluid friction. Machine elements which are normally
hydrodynamically lubricatedexperience mixed friction whenstarting and stopping.
Boundary lubrication Surface to surface contact E.g., piston rings & cams during
startup and operation
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So Why Nanoparticles?
The Good Size!
Nanometer size allows them to enter contact areas easily
Efficient at room temperature. No induction period is required Obtain greatly enhanced surface protection under normal loads,
speeds, and temperatures
Selection of various technologies Potential to combine unique advantages of different nanoparticles
The Bad
Synthesis High quality nanoparticles are generally difficult to produce Stability
Nanoparticle suspensions can be unstable Cost
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So Why Nanoparticles?
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Development - Nanoparticle Additives
Nanoparticle Additives are based from principles of solidlubrication Organic & Inorganic Nanoparticles
Molybdenum Disulfide
Tungsten Disulfide
Carbon Fullerenes
Nanotubes
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Development - Nanoparticle Additives
Paste and Greases can useparticles directly
Such additives provide significantreduction in sliding and rolling
friction
Problem Nanoparticles are notsoluble in oil
Mineral, PAO, Ester(Vegetable based), Glycol,Silicone, etc
Form SuspensionsAnswer Develop new
chemistries and syntheticmethods to produce colloidalsolutions
E.g. Milk
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Development - Nanoparticle Additives
Suspensions are formed via Ultrasonic Dispersion Stable colloidal dispersion can be made by surface modification
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Available Technologies
Alberta has no available commercial source of nanoparticlelubricant additives
Not soluble in OilSolid Bor ic AcidResearchBoric Acid
SuspensionMetal chloride
bound in clayMI, USACerMet TM
Stabilized
Colloid
Surface Modified
MoS2AK, USANanoglide TM
Suspension
Al2O3SiO2
graphite
GermanyNanoVit TM
Stabilized
Colloid
Si Polymer
NanoparticlesCA, USACermaxTM
Stabilized
Colloid
Borate
NanoparticlesIN, USADRD Additives
Stabilized
Colloid
Borate Si based
nanoparticles
CalgaryMaryn RS-037
NotesTechnologyLocationProduct
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Alberta Impact
Cost Savings
Reduced downtime and maintenance Fewer to equipment failures from poor lubrication Extended relubrication intervals
Reduction in quantity of lubricant consumed annually Improved efficiency
Lower temperatures Enhanced fuel economy
Environmental
Solid lubricants can further reduce some of theextreme-pressure, anti-wear, and anti-frictionadditives from oils
Achieve better compliance with environmentalmandates.
Potentially eliminate heavy metals, sulfur- andphosphorous-
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Alberta Impact
Timeline
2011 - 2015 ~5-10% of all extreme pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) oils will
incorporate nanoparticles
Continued R&D of AW and EP nanoparticle additives Creation of aftermarket additive packages for heavy equipment Development of high performance finished hydraulic oils
Oils the meet strict biodegradability and toxicity requirement whileproviding exemplary lubrication performance.
2015 - 2020 ~10-35% of all extreme pressure (EP) and antiwear (AW) oils will
incorporate nanoparticles
Creation of additive packages to meet current and future engine oilspecifications API CJ -4 (2006), API SM (2004), ILSAC GF-5 (2010), GM Dexos-1
Finished fluids for all classes Hydraulic, Engine, Transmission, Gear, Turbine, etc
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Commercialization Challenges
Synthesis
Niche nano additive technologies are competing with commodityproducts
Nano raw material costs > petroleum based additives
E.g. Molybdenum, Tungsten vs. Zinc Current EP and AW additives cost less than nano additives
Often arent as effective Often harmful to environment
Economy of Scale Low initial demand = higher cost production, smaller reactors Limited production volume
Acceptance & Adoption Demonstrate that finished fluids meet regulatory bodyrequirements
API, ILSAC, SAE, ISO, ASTM, MIL-SPEC, NATO
Field testing
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Acknowledgements