Challengesto)living)on)the) MoonandMars · 2019. 5. 23. · A COSMIC NOAH'S ARK Biological...

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Challenges to living on the Moon and Mars H. J. Melosh Purdue University Theme A Panel—Hazards in Space

Transcript of Challengesto)living)on)the) MoonandMars · 2019. 5. 23. · A COSMIC NOAH'S ARK Biological...

Page 1: Challengesto)living)on)the) MoonandMars · 2019. 5. 23. · A COSMIC NOAH'S ARK Biological materials might bestsurvlve the perils of Interplanetarg space If carried Inside meteorites.

Challenges  to  living  on  the  Moon  and  Mars

H.  J.  MeloshPurdue  University

Theme  A  Panel—Hazards  in  Space

Page 2: Challengesto)living)on)the) MoonandMars · 2019. 5. 23. · A COSMIC NOAH'S ARK Biological materials might bestsurvlve the perils of Interplanetarg space If carried Inside meteorites.

Earth  presents  some  pretty  harsh  environments

Sahara  Desert  SunbakeHighest  Temperature  136° F

Antarctic  Deep  FreezeLowest  Temperature  -­‐129°F

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But  these  are  NOTHING  in  comparison  to  the  surfaces  of  the  Moon  or  Mars

No  breathable  air,  no  water,  wild  temperature  fluctuations,  radiation….

Temperatures      -­‐298°F  to  224°F Temperatures      -­‐243°F  to  68°F

Page 4: Challengesto)living)on)the) MoonandMars · 2019. 5. 23. · A COSMIC NOAH'S ARK Biological materials might bestsurvlve the perils of Interplanetarg space If carried Inside meteorites.

If  humans  are  to  live  and  work  out  there,  they  must  be  prepared  to  deal  with  an  array  of  hazards

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Aside  from  human’s  poor  adaption  to  microgravity,  cosmic  radiation    is  the  next  big  problem

Solar  Energetic  Particles:    Energy  a  few  100  MeVShielded  by  a  few  cm  of  aluminum

Galactic  cosmic  rays:    Energy  a  few  GeVShielded  by  a  few  m  of  aluminum!

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For  galactic  cosmic  rays  a  little  shielding  is  worse  than  none  at  all!

Protons

Primary  cosmic  rays  collide,  producing  neutrons,  which  themselves  join  other  nuclei  making  them  radioactive  in  turn.    Lunar  and  Martian  soil  is  radioactive  for  this  reason.

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MSL  carried  the  first  ever  dosimeter  for  both  the  cruise  to  Mars  and  surface  exposure—and  the  results  are  not  encouraging

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Primary  and  secondary  micrometeoroid  impacts  are  serious  on  the  Moon  and  in  open  space

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On  the  Moon,  lunar  dust  gets  into  everything  and  ruins  spacesuit  seals

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Far  from  Earth,  survival  requires  long  stays  and  resilient  support  systems

Page 11: Challengesto)living)on)the) MoonandMars · 2019. 5. 23. · A COSMIC NOAH'S ARK Biological materials might bestsurvlve the perils of Interplanetarg space If carried Inside meteorites.

The  challenge:    How  to  protect  humans  and  our  robotic  partners  from  these  hazards?