The Right to Dissent: Freedom of expression,assembly anddemonstrationin South Africa
Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right”...
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![Page 1: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Challenges to freedom of expression
• The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• It protects the right to:
- Express ourselves in words, music etc.
- Receive and exchange ideas and information
- Operates “regardless of frontiers”
![Page 2: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why is it important
• Essential to our humanity to express ourselves
• Enables us to better protect other rights and freedoms
• Provides the basis of democracy by allowing the exchange of ideas and opinions
• Enables human development
![Page 3: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What does it need?
• To express ourselves we need means of communication
• - One to one conversation
• - To meet as groups in association
• - One speaking to many
• Otherwise the right is meaningless
• All of these operate in different ways and by different rules
![Page 4: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What limits free expression?
• Geographical and linguistic boundariesCreate a global, accessible communications network carrying all
kinds of content available through different devices
• Technical limitsAn environment where 1 to1, group conversations and 1 to many
communication happen side by side
• Censorship, direct and indirect
Traditional “gatekeepers” and bottlenecks - government, corporations, “mediators” -undermined
• Commercial factors
Do networked digital communications affect these limits?
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![Page 5: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• It depends who controls the new environment.
• Actors and institutions can exercise influence at a vast number of places in the environment…
The Physical layer – the physical infrastructure that makes communications possible.
Connectivity & code layer – the ‘language’ or protocols of the communication.
The Application layer – tools to navigate content.
The content layer – the subject matter of the communication
A communication democracy?
![Page 6: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The issues
• How networked communications – Expands the way we get information and
debate issues– Increases our ability to act– Offers the possibility of changing politics and
empowering people– Increases the opportunities to share and
develop human creativity
![Page 7: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The result
• We strengthen and enhance freedom of expression– We increase the capacity of humanity to
realise its own potential– We strengthen democracy and democratic
participation– We will have new opportunities for sustainable
development
![Page 8: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Unless
• Governments control networked communications for their own ends
• Traditional media companies take over the environment
• Private companies use it exclusively for commercial ends
• The technology is turned against us
![Page 9: Challenges to freedom of expression The right to freedom of expression is a “foundation right” in society. Defined in Universal Declaration of Human Rights.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082818/56649ed55503460f94be57f4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The questions?
• Can networked communications help overcome the limitations of monopolisation and censorship in Africa
• Can it help build a democratic politics, a more equal society and a vibrant culture
• Can we have a global communication environment that is under “public” control, rather than government or business