Challenges of UAV platforms
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Challenges of UAV platforms
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge
Challenges of UAV platforms
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge
Beyond Diagnostics: Insights and
Recommendations from Remote Sensing
Mexico, 2013
Beyond Diagnostics: Insights and
Recommendations from Remote Sensing
Mexico, 2013
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
EMBRAPA EMBRAPA
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Embrapa
Mission
To design research, development and
innovation solutions for the sustainability
of Brazilian agriculture for the benefit of
the Brazilian society.
Institutional Profile
» Established in 1973
» 9,801 employees
» 2,428 researchers
» 2,039 PhD researchers
» 47 Research Centers and Services
» International Cooperation: Americas,
Europe, Asia and Africa
» Yearly Budget: US$ 1 billion
Updated employee data, 03/31/2013, DGP
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Embrapa
Source: Embrapa, DGP
Nu
mb
er
of
Em
plo
ye
es
BSc MSc PhD/DSc
Institutional Capacity Building
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Embrapa Instrumentation Automation, Nanotecnology, Precision Agriculture ...
National Precision Agriculture Lab
Nanotecnology Laboratory for Agriculture
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
UAV at Embrapa Instrumentation
UAV at Embrapa Instrumentation
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Embrapa
Precision
Agriculture
Network
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Grass
Crop
Soil
Weeds
Use of UAV to Crop Monitoring
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Start in 1998
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UAVs platforms
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Toy Model
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HELICOPTER
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PROJECT ARARA - 2003
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Patente EMBRAPA 2004
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Control Station - 2004
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Autonomous Operation - 2004
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Taking off in Farms
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PROJECT PRECISION AGRICULTURE - 2010
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UAV 2012
Precision Agriculture Network
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UAV QuadCopter – 2012
Small Farmers
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UAV - BRASIL 2013
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Sensors Sensors
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SENSORS
Digital Câmera –
Visible bands
Digital Video Câmera
visíble
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SENSORS
Cámara multiespectral NIR Cámara multiespectral – NIR + RGB
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Multispectral 6 bands
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SENSORS
• Hyperspectral
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LIDAR Scanner
Lucier et. al (2012)
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Images Images
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Forest
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Citrus
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Soy and Corn
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CORN - 30 Days
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Sugar-cane
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Image Processing Image Processing
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Image Processing Applications
Sugar-cane
Grass
Soil
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Spectral Analysis
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LEGENDA
Doença - Nematóide
Solo nu
LEGENDA
Planta invasora
Solo nu
Soy bean – weeds and Deseases
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Counting trees to yield evaluation
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Shape analysis
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LEGENDA
Palha
Cultura
Solo
Planta invasora
Corn production
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NIR x NDVI
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WATER STRESS
0 - 0.1
0.1 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.5 - 0.6
NDVI
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Mosaics Mosaics
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EMBRAPA Soy bean experimentation
Softwares:
- Agsoft
- Pixel4D
- SIFT (Embrapa)
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MOSAIC - Soy bean
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MOSAIC - Soy bean
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NIR Mosaic – Sugar-cane
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Visible MOSAIC sugar-cane
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Mosaic + DEM
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CITRUS images
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Mosaic - CITRUS
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Number of Images
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Mosaic and photos positions
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Mosaic Citrus
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Mosaic with SIFT
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MOSAIC HyperSpectral Citrus
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LIDAR points
Wallace et. al (2012)
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Flight Control Flight Control
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Ardupilot - free
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Precision on position – strong wind
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Position With OctoCopter
Wallace et. al (2012)
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Kinds of System
• For small areas: free systems or very cheap
– autonomous and visible flights;
• For big areas: industrial solutions, with
certification from regulators.
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Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Challenges Challenges
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Challenges
• OPERATION/SYSTEM – Quality of images
• Systems to control Distortion: Pitch, roll, etc. Wide angle lenses
• Maping pixels onto cm resolution model
– Registration • Need more higher altitudes to have good results
• 3D imaging cameras and 360 degrees pano images
– Lighting Conditions: • Clouds, Shadows, Weather
– Safety System • to avoid crashes and accidents;
– Airplanes Certification • Brazil all models need on
– Calibrations: • Solutions for easy correction geometric and radiometric
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Challenges
• SOFTWARES – Complex softwares to process Multi and HyperSpectral Images,
not for a researcher, but for farmers and final users;
– Data management and extraction are a challenge;
– Cloud processing could help to process a big volume of images but need permit big datas uploads;
– Recomendations for final users are not available;
– A complete solution for a final user is a big challenge, and could be done for each application.
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Lúcio André de Castro Jorge, PhD Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge, PhD Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation